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Records of non-indigenous marine species at Palmyra Atoll in the US Line Islands

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2011

I.S. Knapp ,
L.S. Godwin ,
J.E. Smith ,
C.J. Williams  and
J.J. Bell
I.S. Knapp
Affiliation:
Centre for Marine Environmental and Economic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington, New Zealand
L.S. Godwin
Affiliation:
Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Sanctuaries, 6600 Kalaniana'ole Hwy Suite 300, Honolulu, HI 96825
J.E. Smith
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, La Jolla, California, 92083, USA
C.J. Williams
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, La Jolla, California, 92083, USA
J.J. Bell*
Affiliation:
Centre for Marine Environmental and Economic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington, New Zealand
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: J.J. Bell, Centre for Marine Environmental and Economic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington, New Zealand email: james.bell@vuw.ac.nz
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Abstract

Globally, introductions of non-indigenous species have caused dramatic economic and ecological damage. Most research on marine invasions has occurred in locations easily accessible by researchers, but much less is known about introductions to remote islands. In the central Pacific, Palmyra Atoll represents one of the last remaining quasi-pristine reef systems left in the world. In the 1940s the Atoll underwent extensive military modifications, potentially making it susceptible to invasive species. Here we describe the presence of five non-indigenous invertebrate and algal introductions at Palmyra, including two sponges, Haliclona (Sigmadocia) caerulea and Gelliodes fibrosa; one bryozoan; Zoobotryon verticillatum; one hydroid, Pennaria disticha and one macroalga, Acanthophora spicifera. The Hawaiian Archipelago is the most likely source of the introductions via shipping or yachting activity to the Atoll. Currently, the impacts of these introductions remain unknown although future monitoring will assess the influence of these non-indigenous species on this remote reef system.

Keywords

non-indigenousintroductionspongealgaehydroidbryozoanlagooncoral reefPalmyra Atoll
Type
Research Article
Information
Marine Biodiversity Records , Volume 4 , December 2011 , e30
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2011

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