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The Law of the Oppressed: The Construction and Reproduction of Legality in Pasargada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Boaventura de Sousa Santos
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Abstract

In a capitalist society the State legal system is in general an instrument of class domination both at the level of the relations of production, as in the factory, and of the relations of reproduction, as in housing. Housing conditions are particularly illustrative of class domination in the squatter settlements of all major cities throughout the capitalist world. Pasargada is the fictitious name of such a settlement in Rio de Janeiro. In a nonrevolutionary situation, and particularly under the yoke of economic and political repression imposed by the fascist State (as in contemporary Brazil), the struggle against housing and living conditions in these settlements is a very hard one. Because of the structural inaccessibility of the State legal system, and especially because of the illegal character of these communities, the dominated classes living in them devise adaptive strategies aimed at securing the minimal social ordering of community relations. One such strategy involves the creation of an internal legality, parallel to (and sometimes conflicting with) State legality—a kind of popular justice. The article describes Pasargada legality from both the inside (through the sociological analysis of legal rhetoric in dispute prevention and dispute settlement) and in its (unequal) relations with the Brazilian official legal system (from the perspective of legal pluralism).

Type
Research Article
Information
Law & Society Review , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , Fall 1977 , pp. 5 - 126
Copyright
Copyright © 1978 The Law and Society Association

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Footnotes

This is a shortened and revised version of my doctoral thesis, submitted to Yale Law School in 1973 with the title “Law against Law: Legal Reasoning in Pasargada Law.” I am grateful to Ivan Illich for his kind interest in my work, which led to its publication in English by CIDOC (Centro Intercultural de Documentacion, Cuernavaca, Mexico) in 1974. At different stages of the development of this study many friends offered me valuable help and advice both as to scientific content and as to style. I am specially indebted to Richard Abel, David Trubek, Laura Nader, Richard Schwartz, Leon Lipson, Marc Galanter, Mara Taub, Stanton Wheeler, Donald Black, and William Felstiner.

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