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Desigualdad Socioeconómica y Mortalidad Infantil en Nicaragua: ¿Una cuestión étnica?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2022

Hirotoshi Yoshioka  and
Juan Carlos Esparza Ochoa
Hirotoshi Yoshioka
Affiliation:
University of Texas at Austin
Juan Carlos Esparza Ochoa
Affiliation:
University of Texas at Austin
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Resumen

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Aunque Nicaragua sea el país más pobre de Centroamérica, no cuenta con la tasa de mortalidad infantil más alta de la región. La más igualitaria distribución del ingreso en Nicaragua, en comparación con otros países centroamericanos, es un factor que favorece la relativamente baja mortalidad. Empero, la población indígena nicaragüense afronta grandes desventajas en casi todos los aspectos, aunque esto no se refleja en la desigualdad nacional por ser una población minoritaria. Aprovechando el censo de 2005 y la regresión binomial negativa, modelamos la mortalidad infantil. Mostramos cómo los niños indígenas tienen 33 por ciento más riesgo de muerte, e incluso controlando otros factores, la diferencia del riego es casi del 5 por ciento. Hasta ahora no existían investigaciones cuantitativas que compararan la mortalidad entre grupos étnicos en Nicaragua. En nuestro estudio mostramos que los indígenas nicaragüenses están en desventaja a pesar de la baja desigualdad a nivel nacional.

Abstract

Abstract

Although Nicaragua is the poorest country in Central America, its infant mortality rate is not the highest in the region. The more egalitarian distribution of income in Nicaragua, compared to that of other Central American countries, is a factor that favors the relatively low infant mortality rate. However, the Nicaraguan indigenous population faces serious handicaps in almost all aspects, though this is not reflected in inequality at a national level. Using the 2005 demographic census and negative binomial regression, we study ethnic disparities in the risk of infant mortality. The results indicate that indigenous children face a 33 percent higher risk of death, and even controlling for other factors, the difference in risk is almost 5 percent. Until now, there has been little quantitative research comparing mortality risks among ethnic groups in Nicaragua. Our study shows that indigenous people in Nicaragua are at a significant disadvantage despite the low inequality at the national level.

Type
Research Reports and Notes
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 44 , Issue 1 , 2009 , pp. 199 - 217
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 by the Latin American Studies Association

Footnotes

*

Queremos agradecer a los revisores anónimos de LARR por sus comentarios.

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