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Materializing Power through Practice in the Late Postclassic Naco Valley, Northwestern Honduras

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Edward M. Schortman  and
Patricia A. Urban
Edward M. Schortman
Affiliation:
Antropology Department, Kenyon College, Gambia, OH 43022 (schortma@kenyon.edu; urban@kenyon.edu)
Patricia A. Urban
Affiliation:
Antropology Department, Kenyon College, Gambia, OH 43022 (schortma@kenyon.edu; urban@kenyon.edu)
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Abstract

We contend that political structures emerge in the course of interpersonal dealings conducted by people organized within overlapping social networks. It is through these webs that resources needed to define and achieve goals and exert control over others are mobilized. Elites seeking to construct hierarchies and concentrate power must restructure the preexisting matrix of networks to redirect the flow of assets to their benefit. In doing so, they seek to create an affiliation that transcends loyalties to extant social groups while securing for themselves positions of preeminence within the overarching affiliation. Such social engineering involves manipulating the material symbols by which interpersonal ties are made tangible and imbued with emotional significance. The resulting political structures are less nested sets of stable territorial groups than dynamic networks of networks through which assets are deployed in the practices by which power is exercised. This perspective is used to describe Late Postclassic (A.D. 1300-1532) political processes in the Naco Valley, northwestern Honduras, calling attention to how power of various sorts took shape through complex relations among diverse people and varied things orchestrated within overlapping social networks. The implications of a network approach for studying political processes generally are also considered.

Resumen

Resumen

Argumentamos que las estructuras de poder emergen en el cur so de relaciones interpersonales, llevadas a cabo por personas organizadas dentro de redes sociales. Es a través de estas redes que las personas movilizan los recursos utilizados para definir y alcanzar objetivos y ejercer control sobre sus subordinados. Las elites que buscan construir jerarquías y concentrar el poder deben reestructurar esta matrij de redes mediante la creación de una afiliación que trasciende (as (ealtades preexistentes y que al mismo tiempo se pone en el centro de esta nueva afiliación. Tales innovaciones sociales son avanzadas mediante la manipulación de símbolos materiales a travís de los cuales los lazos interpersonales se hacen tangibles. La estructurapolitico resultante es una dindmica red de redes a través de la cual se ejerce el poder. Los procesos politicos durante el Postcldsico Tardio (1300-1532 d.C.) en el Valle de Naco en el noroeste de Honduras ejemplifican como las relaciones entre redes sociales, símbolos y poderpueden examinarse desde estaperspectiva. Nos enfocamos en cómo las élites sintetizaron símbolos y prácticas de varios tipos para crear estructuras jerárquicas. La conclusión del artículo considera las implicaciones de un enfoque en los procesos politicos centrado en las redes sociales.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , September 2014 , pp. 344 - 368
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2014

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