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Review about acceleration of plasma by nonlinear forces from picoseond laser pulses and block generated fusion flame in uncompressed fuel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 September 2011

H. Hora ,
G.H. Miley ,
K. Flippo ,
P. Lalousis ,
R. Castillo ,
X. Yang ,
B. Malekynia  and
M. Ghoranneviss
H. Hora*
Affiliation:
University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
G.H. Miley
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
K. Flippo
Affiliation:
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico
P. Lalousis
Affiliation:
Institute for Electronic Structure and Lasers IESL/FORTH, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
R. Castillo
Affiliation:
Campbelltown Branch, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
X. Yang
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
B. Malekynia
Affiliation:
Plasma Physics Research Center, I. A. University of Poonak and Coordinated Research Project IAEA Vienna, Austria
M. Ghoranneviss
Affiliation:
Plasma Physics Research Center, I. A. University of Poonak and Coordinated Research Project IAEA Vienna, Austria
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Heinrich Hora, Department of Theoretical Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. E-mail: h.hora@unsw.edu.au
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Abstract

In addition to the matured “laser inertial fusion energy” with spherical compression and thermal ignition of deuterium-tritium (DT), a very new alternative for the fast ignition scheme may have now been opened by using side-on block ignition aiming beyond the DT-fusion with igniting the neutron-free reaction of proton-boron-11 (p-11B). Measurements with laser pulses of terawatt power and ps duration led to the discovery of an anomaly of interaction, if the prepulses are cut off by a factor 108 (contrast ratio) to avoid relativistic self focusing in agreement with preceding computations. Applying this to petawatt (PW) pulses for Bobin-Chu conditions of side-on ignition of solid fusion fuel results after several improvements in energy gains of 10,000. This is in contrast to the impossible laser-ignition of p-11B by the usual spherical compression and thermal ignition. The side-on ignition is less than ten times only more difficult than for DT ignition. This is essentially based on the instant and direct conversion the optical laser energy by the nonlinear force into extremely high plasma acceleration. Genuine two-fluid hydrodynamic computations for DT are presented showing details how ps laser pulses generate a fusion flame in solid state density with an increase of the density in the thin flame region. Densities four times higher are produced automatically confirming a Rankine-Hugoniot shock wave process with an increasing thickness of the shock up to the nanosecond range and a shock velocity of 1500 km/s which is characteristic for these reactions.

Keywords

Fast ignitionFusion flameHydrogen-boron fusionLaser driven fusion energyNonlinear (ponderomotive) force acceleration
Type
Research Article
Information
Laser and Particle Beams , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , September 2011 , pp. 353 - 363
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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