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A comparison of inter- and intraspecific variation in seed dispersal in three South American primates
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 November 2023
Abstract
Primate communities vary in their level of redundancy, or overlap, in seed dispersal function, which could be due to body size, degree of frugivory or intraspecific variation, among other factors. In this study, we quantified redundancy in seed dispersal among three sympatric primate species: Lagothrix lagothricha, Alouatta seniculus and Sapajus apella in gallery forests in Meta, Colombia. We compared the median seed width dispersed and the number and species richness of large (≥5.9 mm wide) and very large (>7.5 mm wide) seeds per faecal sample. The medium-sized, highly folivorous A. seniculus mostly dispersed large seeds, the larger, highly frugivorous L. lagothricha dispersed very large and small seeds, and the smaller, partially frugivorous S. apella dispersed the smallest seeds. However, for L. lagothricha and S. apella, we did not find the expected results that adults disperse larger seeds than juveniles. Across species, there is complementarity in seed dispersal in relation to seed size, with L. lagothricha being unique in its contribution to the dispersal of very large seeds both in terms of quantity and richness.
Resumen [español]
Los ensamblajes de primates varían en los papeles como dispersores de semillas, de acuerdo con la redundancia en la sobreposición en la dieta de las especies presentes, tamaño corporal, y grado de frugívoría, entre otros factores. Cuantificamos redundancia entre y dentro de tres primates simpátricos, Lagothrix lagothricha, Alouatta seniculus, y Sapajus apella en su función de dispersión en los bosques de galería de Meta, Colombia. Comparamos el tamaño medio de semillas dispersadas y el número y riqueza de especies de semillas grandes (ancho ≥5.9 mm) y muy grandes (>7.5 mm) dispersadas por muestra fecal. A. seniculus con tamaño intermedio y altamente folívoro dispersó principalmente semillas grandes; L. lagothricha, la especie más grande y altamente frugívora, dispersó principalmente semillas muy grandes y pequeñas; mientras que S. apella, el más pequeño y 50% frugívoro, dispersó muchas semillas pequeñas. Para dos especies, L. lagothricha y S. apella, no encontramos el patrón esperado de que los adultos dispersaron semillas de tamaño más grande de los juveniles. Encontramos complementariedad entre especies en su función de dispersión con relación al tamaño de las semillas, y L. lagothricha se caracterizó por su contribución dispersando semillas muy grandes, tanto en términos de cantidad, como en riqueza.
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