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Wilful daughters, domestic goddesses, pious Muslims, and rebels: Islam, fashion, commodities, and emotions among upper class women in Pakistan, 1947–1962
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 July 2023
Abstract
Pakistan, 15 January 1950. Impeccably dressed, Zarina is going out to celebrate the wedding of her partner-in-gossip-crime, Fizza. Her busy life makes her feel anxious. The wrongdoings of the home helpers and her parents’ constant bickering fill her family life. Fashion magazines, get-togethers at the association she has just joined, and ladies’ glamorous parties are her only antidotes to stress.
This article explores the history of Zarina and her fellow upper class women's emotions, everyday lives, and daily perception of religious and socio-political ideas of change in Pakistan's momentous formative years (1947–1962). By relying on Francis Robinson's research on religious change, self, and the fashioning of Muslim identity, it provides the first historical ethnography of how upper class women in Pakistan understood and experienced socio-political change through the transformation of their emotions, religious views, lifestyle, and behaviour.
Drawing on material and visual culture and a rich selection of newspaper clippings and government records, this article lifts the curtain on the material and immaterial ‘stuff’ of women's dreams, taste in fashion, private lives, and political and religious ideas. Finally, it illuminates how women and their gendered agency became the key ‘sites’ for a new and, at times, surprising Islamic revival.
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References
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85 Ibid.
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96 Ibid., 6 February 1955.
97 The New York Times, 1 January 1954.
98 Pakistan Times (Lahore), 9 February 1955.
99 Ibid.
100 Ibid.
101 Office Memorandum No. 20/2/59-Public, Minister of the Interior (Home Division), 4 July 1959, Multan District Records Room, Multan, Pakistan (henceforth MDDR).
102 S&GA Dept. Memo No. 832/59/AS, 4 March 1953, MDDR.
103 Jang (Lahore), 28 December 1952.
104 Information Department Letter No. SO(Pub)-I-7/62, 1 March 1962, MDDR.
105 Pakistan Times (Lahore), 20 February 1955.
106 Ibid.
107 See Quran, 11:38, 18:77, and 28: 26–27.
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109 Ibid., 28 November 1954.
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