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Trophic structure of the bathyal benthos at an area with evidence of methane seep activity off southern Chile (~45°S)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 January 2014

Germán Zapata-Hernández ,
Javier Sellanes ,
Andrew R. Thurber  and
Lisa A. Levin
Germán Zapata-Hernández*
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Bentónicos Sub-litorales (ECOBENTS), Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
Javier Sellanes
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Bentónicos Sub-litorales (ECOBENTS), Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
Andrew R. Thurber
Affiliation:
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA
Lisa A. Levin
Affiliation:
Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: G. Zapata-Hernández, Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Bentónicos Sub-litorales (ECOBENTS), Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile email: zapata.bm@gmail.com
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Abstract

Through application of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotope analyses, we investigated the benthic trophic structure of the upper-slope off southern Chile (~45°S) including a recent methane seep area discovered as part of this study. The observed fauna comprised 53 invertebrates and seven fish taxa, including remains of chemosymbiotic fauna (e.g. chemosymbiotic bivalves and siboglinid polychaetes), which are typical of methane seep environments. While in close-proximity to a seep, the heterotrophic fauna had a nutrition derived predominantly from photosynthetic sources (δ13C > –21‰). The absence of chemosynthesis-based nutrition in the consumers was likely a result of using an Agassiz trawl to sample the benthos, a method that is likely to collect a mix of fauna including individuals from adjacent non-seep bathyal environments. While four trophic levels were estimated for invertebrates, the fish assemblage was positioned within the third trophic level of the food web. Differences in corrected standard ellipse area (SEAC), which is a proxy of the isotopic niche width, yielded differences for the demersal fish Notophycis marginata (SEAC = 5.1‰) and Coelorinchus fasciatus (SEAC = 1.1‰), suggesting distinct trophic behaviours. No ontogenic changes were detected in C. fasciatus regarding food sources and trophic position. The present study contributes the first basic trophic data for the bathyal area off southern Chile, including the identification of a new methane seep area, among the furthest south ever discovered. Such information provides the basis for the proper sustainable management of the benthic environments present along the vast Chilean continental margin.

Keywords

bathyal megafaunastable isotopestrophic ecologyisotopic niche widthmethane seepsChile Triple Junction
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 94 , Issue 4 , June 2014 , pp. 659 - 669
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2014 

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