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Sympatric morphological and genetic differentiation of the pearl oyster Pinctada radiata (Bivalvia: Pterioida) in the northern Persian Gulf

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2014

Moein Rajaei ,
Hamid Farahmand ,
Hadi Poorbagher ,
Mohammad Sedigh Mortazavi  and
Ahmad Farhadi
Moein Rajaei
Affiliation:
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj PO Box 4314, Iran
Hamid Farahmand*
Affiliation:
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj PO Box 4314, Iran
Hadi Poorbagher
Affiliation:
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj PO Box 4314, Iran
Mohammad Sedigh Mortazavi
Affiliation:
The Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Centre, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Ahmad Farhadi
Affiliation:
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj PO Box 4314, Iran
*
Correspondence should be addressed to:H. FarahmandDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, PO Box 4314, Iran email: hfarahmand@ut.ac.ir
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Abstract

The pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata, shows great variation in shell morphology throughout its distribution. This variation can be related to phenotypic plasticity, genetic variability or a combination of both. Using geometric morphometric and microsatellite DNA analyses, two morphologically distinct populations of the pearl oyster were studied in the northern Persian Gulf, i.e. from the Lavan and Hendourabi Islands. Ten landmarks were selected to define the shape of the left shell. In addition, concentration of Zn, Mg, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn and Cr of the soft tissues were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Six microsatellite loci were used to assess the population genetic structure of the pearl oyster. There were morphometric differences between the populations suggesting the existence of two morphotypes. There was a significant difference between the two populations in concentrations of Fe, Mg, Zn, Cd, Mn and Cr indicating that the specimens from the Lavan Island experience a more stressful environment than those from the Hendourabi Island. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the proportion of the genetic variation attributed to differences among populations of the pearl oyster was highly significant for both FST and RST (FST = 0.066, RST = 0.265, P < 0.001). Our findings showed that stressful conditions resulting from heavy metals may have a direct influence on the separation of the populations in Lavan and Hendourabi despite the lack of a physical barrier.

Keywords

phenotypic plasticitygenetic differentiationPinctada radiataheavy metal
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 95 , Issue 3 , May 2015 , pp. 537 - 543
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2014 

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