No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Spatial–temporal variability of phytoplankton community and potentially harmful species in the Golden Horn Estuary (Sea of Marmara, Türkiye)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 July 2023
Abstract
Spatial–temporal variability of phytoplankton community and potentially harmful species in the Golden Horn Estuary (Sea of Marmara) was investigated from October 2018 to September 2019 together with some environmental factors. A total of 148 phytoplankton taxa were identified during the study period. Among these, 134 taxa (90.5%) consisted of diatoms (71 taxa, 48%) and dinoflagellates (63 taxa, 42.5%), while 14 taxa (9.5%) were other groups. Seventeen species were recorded for the first time in the study area. Species richness was highest in October, while it was lowest in August. The species diversity (H') varied according to sampling stations. Cell abundances were higher especially in the middle and upper estuary in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. The abundance of diatoms and euglenophyceans was highest in spring, while the abundance of raphidophycean and cryptophycean was highest in summer. Temperature was correlated positively with total abundance (P < 0.01), but negatively with species diversity (H') (P < 0.01). Several dense algal blooms causing discolouration in surface water occurred in spring and summer. A total of 12 microalgae species known as potentially toxic were detected during this study period. Among these, dinoflagellates Alexandrium cf. tamarense and Dinophysis infundibulum were recorded for the first time in the study area. The increase in species diversity and richness in the upper estuary, and the decrease in frequency of bloom events compared with the previous years indicated the changes in environmental conditions in this study period. Findings showed that phytoplankton might be used as an indicator of the changing environmental conditions in such ecosystems.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
References
References
Ahel, M, Barlow, RG and Mantoura, RFC (1996) Effect of salinity gradients on the distribution of phytoplankton pigments in a stratified estuary. Marine Ecology Progress Series 143, 289–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albayrak, S, Balkis, N, Balkis, H, Zenetos, A, Kurun, A, Karhan, SÜ, Caglar, S and Balci, M (2010) Golden Horn Estuary: Description of the ecosystem and an attempt to assess its ecological quality status using various classification metrics. Mediterranean Marine Science 11, 295–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Altenburger, A, Blossom, HE, Garcia-Cuetos, L, Jakobsen, HH, Carstensen, J, Lundholm, N, Hansen, PJ, Moestrup, Ø and Haraguchi, L (2020) Dimorphism in cryptophytes – the case of Teleaulax amphioxeia/Plagioselmis prolonga and its ecological implications. Science Advances 6, eabb1611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balzano, S, Sarno, D and Kooistra, WHCF (2010) Effects of salinity on the growth rate and morphology of ten Skeletonema strains. Journal of Plankton Research 33, 937–945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbosa, AB, Domingues, RB and Galvão, HM (2010) Environmental forcing of phytoplankton in a Mediterranean estuary (Guadiana Estuary, south-western Iberia): A decadal study of anthropogenic and climatic influences. Estuaries and Coasts 33, 324–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barlow, RG, Mantoura, RFC, Gough, MA and Fheman, TW (1993) Pigment signatures of the phytoplankton composition in the north-eastern Atlantic during the 1990 spring bloom. Deep-Sea Research Part II 40, 459–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burić, Z, Cetinić, I, Viličić, D, Mihalić, KC, Carić, M and Olujić, G (2007) Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton in a highly stratified estuary (Zrmanja, Adriatic Sea). Marine Ecology 28, 169–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cerino, F and Zingone, A (2006) A survey of cryptomonad diversity and seasonality at a coastal Mediterranean site. European Journal of Phycology 41, 363–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cetinić, I, Viličić, D, Burić, Z and Olujić, G (2006) Phytoplankton seasonality in a highly stratified karstic estuary (Krka, Adriatic Sea). Hydrobiology 555, 31–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, KR and Gorley, RN (2001) Primer v5: User Manual/Tutorial. Plymouth: Primer-E Ltd., p. 91.Google Scholar
Cloern, JE (1987) Turbidity as a control on phytoplankton biomass and productivity in estuaries. Continental Shelf Research 7, 1367–1387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cupp, EE (1943) Marine Plankton Diatoms of the West Coast of North America. Berkeley, California, USA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Drebes, G (1974) Marines Phytoplankton, eine Auswahl der Helgolander Planktonalgen (Diatomeen, Peridineen). Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.Google Scholar
Dursun, F and Taş, S (2019) Variations in abundance and diversity of phytoplankton in the surface waters of the Golden Horn Estuary (Sea of Marmara). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, 279–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dursun, F, Taş, S and Koray, T (2016) Spring bloom of the raphidophycean Heterosigma akashiwo in the Golden Horn Estuary at the northeast of Sea of Marmara. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 3, 201–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dursun, F, Unlu, S, Tas, S and Yurdun, T (2017) Domoic acid variations in response to environmental conditions in an eutrophic estuary, Golden Horn (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 17, 653–662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dursun, F, Tas, S and Ediger, D (2021) Assessment of phytoplankton group composition in the Golden Horn Estuary (Sea of Marmara, Turkey) determined with pigments measured by HPLC-CHEMTAX analyses and microscopy. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 101, 649–665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guiry, MD and Guiry, GM (2020) AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National university of Ireland, Galway. Available at https://www.algaebase.org;searched (Accessed 23 March 2022).Google Scholar
Hevia-Orube, J, Orive, E, David, H, Laza-Martınez, A and Seoane, S (2016) Skeletonema species in a temperate estuary: A morphological, molecular and physiological approach. Diatom Research 31, 185–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoppenrath, M, Elbraechter, M and Drebes, G (2009) Marine phytoplankton. Selected microphytoplankton species from the North Sea around Helgolandand Sylt. E. Schweizerbart'scheVerlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Irvali, N and Cagatay, N (2008) Late Pleistocene–Holocene history of the Golden Horn Estuary, Istanbul. Geo-Marine Letters 29, 151–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jasprica, N, Carić, MF, Kršinić, T, Kapetanović, M, Batistić, M and Njire, J (2012) Planktonic diatoms and their environment in the lower Neretva River estuary (Eastern Adriatic Sea, NE Mediterranean). Nova Hedwigia Beihefte 141, 405–430.Google Scholar
Kaleli, A and Akçaalan, R (2022) Checklist of marine diatoms from the Turkish coastal waters with updated nomenclature. Aquatic Research 4, 88–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koyuncu, A (2018) The seawater transfer from the Bosphorus to the Golden Horn Estuary. In The third Marmara Sea Symposium, November 2017, Istanbul, Turkey, p. 155. (In Turkish).Google Scholar
Kudela, RM, Berdalet, E, Bernard, S, Burford, M, Fernand, L, Lu, S, Roy, S, Tester, P, Usup, G, Magnien, R, Anderson, DM, Cembella, A, Chinain, M, Hallegraeff, G, Reguera, B, Zingone, A, Enevoldsen, H and Urban, ED (2015) Harmful algal blooms. A scientific summary for policy makers. IOC/UNESCO, Paris (IOC/INF-1320).Google Scholar
Lassus, P, Chomérat, N, Hess, P and Nézan, E (2016) Toxic and harmful microalgae of the world ocean/micro-algues toxiques et nuisibles de l'océan mondial. International Society for the Study of Harmful Algae/Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Denmark.Google Scholar
Legrand, C, Graneli, E and Carlsson, P (1998) Induced phagotrophy in the photosynthetic dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 15, 65–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lionard, M, Muylaert, K, Gansbeke, DV and Vyverman, W (2005) Influence of changes in salinity and light intensity on growth of phytoplankton communities from the Schelde river and estuary (Belgium/The Netherlands). Hydrobiology 540, 105–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, D, Sun, J, Zou, J and Zhang, J (2005) Phytoplankton succession during a red tide of Skeletonema costatum in Jiaozhou Bay of China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50, 91–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lundholm, N, Churro, C, Fraga, S, Hoppenrath, M, Iwataki, M, Larsen, J, Mertens, K, Moestrup, Ø and Zingone, A (eds) (2009) IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae. Available at https://www.marinespecies.org/hab on 2022-01-05.Google Scholar
Mallin, MA, Cahoon, LB, McIver, MR, Parsons, DC and Shank, GC (1999) Alternation of factors limiting phytoplankton production in the Cape Fear River Estuary. Estuaries 22, 825–836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mantoura, RFC and Llewellyn, CA (1983) The rapid determination of algal chlorophyll-a and carotenoid pigments and their breakdown products in natural waters by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta 151, 297–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLusky, DS and Elliott, M (2004) The Estuarine Ecosystem. Ecology, Threats and Management, 3rd Edn. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okus, E, Aslan, A, Tas, S, Yılmaz, N and Polat, C (2001) Nutrient and chlorophyll a distribution of Golden Horn. In: Golden Horn 2001 Symposium, Istanbul, 3–4 May 2001. General Directorate of Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, Turkey, pp. 145–152.Google Scholar
Olli, K (2004) Temporary cyst formation of Heterocapsa triquetra (Dinophceae) in natural populations. Marine Biology 145, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olli, K, Heiskanen, AS and Seppälä, J (1996) Development and fate of Eutreptiella gymnastica bloom in nutrient-enriched enclosures in the coastal Baltic Sea. Journal of Plankton Research 18, l587–1604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paerl, HW, Valdes-Weaver, LM, Joyner, AR and Winkelmann, V (2007) Phytoplankton indicators of ecological change in the eutrophying Pamlico Sound system, North Carolina. Ecological Applications 17, 88–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rensel, J (2007) Fish kills from the harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo in Puget Sound: Recent blooms and review. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) (CSCOR Technical report), 58 pp.Google Scholar
Rensel, JE, Haigh, N and Tynan, TJ (2010) Fraser river sockeye salmon marine survival decline and harmful blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo. Harmful Algae 10, 98–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarno, D, Kooistra, WHCF, Medlin, LK, Percopo, I and Zingone, A (2005) Diversity in the genus Skeletonema (Bacillariophyceae). II. An assessment of the taxonomy of S. costatum-like species with the description of four new species. Journal of Phycology 41, 151–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sur, HI, Okuş, E, Sarikaya, HZ, Altiok, H, Eroğlu, V and Öztürk, İ (2002) Rehabilitation and water quality monitoring in the Golden Horn. Water Science Technology 46, 29–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tas, S (2015) A prolonged red tide of Heterocapsa triquetra (Ehrenberg) F. Stein (Dinophyceae) and phytoplankton succession in a eutrophic estuary (Turkey). Mediterranean Marine Science 16, 21–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tas, S (2017) Planktonic diatom composition and environmental conditions in the Golden Horn Estuary (Sea of Marmara, Turkey). Fundamental and Applied Limnology/Archiv für Hydrobiology 189, 153–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tas, S (2019) Microalgal blooms in a eutrophic estuary (Golden Horn, Sea of Marmara) following a remediation effort. Botanica Marina 62, 537–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tas, S (2020) Changes in phytoplankton composition of the Golden Horn Estuary (Sea of Marmara) following remediation. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, 1053–1062.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tas, S and Lundholm, N (2017) Temporal and spatial variability of the potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in a eutrophic estuary (Sea of Marmara). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, 1483–1494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tas, S and Okus, E (2003) The effects of pollution on the distribution of phytoplankton in the surface water of the Golden Horn. Turkish Journal of Marine Sciences 9, 163–176.Google Scholar
Taş, S and Okuş, E (2011) A review on the bloom dynamics of a harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum in the Golden Horn Estuary. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 11, 523–531.Google Scholar
Tas, S and Yilmaz, IN (2015) Potentially harmful microalgae and algal blooms in a eutrophic estuary in the Sea of Marmara (Turkey). Mediterranean Marine Science 16, 432–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tas, S, Okuş, E and Aslan-Yılmaz, A (2006) The blooms of a cyanobacterium, Microcystis cf. aeruginosa in a severely polluted estuary, the Golden Horn, Turkey. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 68, 593–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tas, S, Yilmaz, IN and Okus, E (2009) Phytoplankton as an indicator of improving water quality in the Golden Horn Estuary. Estuaries and Coasts 32, 1205–1224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taş, S, Ergul, HA and Balkis, N (2016) Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and mucilage formations in the Sea of Marmara. In Özsoy, E, Çağatay, MN, Balkis, N, Balkıs, N and Öztürk, B (eds), The Sea of Marmara Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, Conservation and Governance. Turkey: Turkish Marine Research Foundation, 768–786.Google Scholar
Throndsen, J (1978) Preservation and storage. In Sournia, A (ed.), Phytoplankton Manual. Paris: UNESCO, 69–74.Google Scholar
Tomas, CR (1997) Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. San Diego, California, USA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Utermohl, H (1958) Zur vervollkommung der quantitativen phytoplankton-methodik. Mitt int Ver Theor Angew Limnologie 9, 1–38.Google Scholar
Uysal, Z and Unsal, M (1996) Spatial distribution of net diatoms along adjacent of different origin. Turkish Journal of Botany 20, 519–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, ZH, Oi, YZ and Yang, YF (2007) Cyst formation an important mechanism for the termination of Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae) bloom. Journal of Plankton Research 29, 209–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Semin et al. supplementary material
Semin et al. supplementary material
File
26.8 KB