Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-2lccl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T21:02:20.440Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A community-based approach to identifying defence of microalgae against protozoan grazing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2017

Zheng Wang ,
Guangjian Xu ,
Lu Zhao ,
Yangyang Gao ,
Abdullah Al Mamun  and
Henglong Xu
Zheng Wang
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
Guangjian Xu
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
Lu Zhao
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Applied Microalgae Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
Yangyang Gao
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Applied Microalgae Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
Abdullah Al Mamun
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
Henglong Xu*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: H. Xu, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China email: henglongxu@126.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

It has increasingly been recognized that defence of microalgae against predator grazing is a passive response to increase algal population density by excreting chemicals with a change in physical properties. As common biological pollutants in the cultivation of the microalgae, the community-based method was used to identify the ability of two microalgae, Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis oceanica, to defend against protozoan grazing. Mature protozoan samples with 14-day age were collected, using microscopy glass slides, in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China. For both microalgae, a gradient of concentrations was designed as 100 (control), 104, 105, 106 and 107 cell ml−1, respectively. Results showed that both test algal species represented strong defence effects on protozoan grazing, especially at high density levels. Species richness, abundance and taxonomic distinctness of the protozoan assemblages showed a sharp decrease at high concentration level (107 cell ml−1) of both algae. A significant variation in protozoan community structures was found to be driven by the gradient of the algal concentrations. The paired taxonomic distinctness indices of the protozoan communities showed an increasing trend of departure from the expected taxonomic pattern with increase of algal concentrations. Based on the results, we suggest that the community-based bioassay might be used as a feasible tool for identifying defence against protozoan grazing of microalgae.

Keywords

bioassayprotozoan communitybiodiversitytaxonomic distinctnessNannochloropsis oceanicaChlorella sp.
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 98 , Issue 4 , June 2018 , pp. 665 - 672
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

†

Co-first authors.

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, M.J., Gorley, R.N. and Clarke, K.R. (2008) PERMANOVA+ for PRIMER guide to software and statistical methods. Plymouth: PRIMER-E.Google Scholar
Aslan, S. and Kapdan, I.K. (2006) Batch kinetics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from synthetic wastewater by algae. Ecological Engineering 28, 64–70.Google Scholar
Chisti, Y. (2007) Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnology Advances 25, 294–306.Google Scholar
Clarke, K.R. and Ainsworth, M. (1993) A method of linking multivariate community structure to environmental variables. Marine Ecology Progress Series 92, 205–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, K.R. and Gorley, R.N. (2015) PRIMER7: user manual/tutorial. Plymouth: PRIMER-E.Google Scholar
Clarke, K.R. and Warwick, R.M. (1998) A taxonomic distinctness index and its statistical properties. Journal of Applied Ecology 35, 523–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, J.G., Slocombe, S.P. and Stanley, M.S. (2012) Overcoming biological constraints to enable the exploitation of microalgae for biofuels. Bioresource Technology 109, 245–251.Google Scholar
Frederiksen, M., Edwards, M., Richardson, A.J., Halliday, N.C. and Wanless, S. (2006) From plankton to top predators: bottom-up control of a marine food web across four trophic levels. Journal of Animal Ecology 75, 1259–1268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, H. and Gao, K. (2003) Optimization of growth and fatty acid composition of a unicellular marine picoplankton, Nannochloropsis sp., with enriched carbon sources. Biotechnology Letters 25, 421–425.Google Scholar
Jiang, J., Wu, S. and Shen, Y. (2007) Effects of seasonal succession and water pollution on the protozoan community structure in an eutrophic lake. Chemosphere 66, 523–532.Google Scholar
Jiang, Y., Xu, H., Hu, X., Zhu, M., Al-Rasheid, K.A.S. and Warren, A. (2011) An approach to analyzing spatial patterns of planktonic ciliate communities for monitoring water quality in Jiaozhou Bay, northern China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62, 227–235.Google Scholar
Jiang, Y., Yang, E.J., Min, J.O., Kang, S.H. and Lee, S.H. (2013) Using pelagic ciliated microzooplankton communities as an indicator for monitoring environmental condition under impact of summer sea-ice reduction in western Arctic Ocean. Ecological Indicators 34, 380–390.Google Scholar
Li, J.L., Zhang, X.P., Wu, S.Z. and Zheng, W.F. (2006) Effects of nutrient concentrations on the growth and accumulation of exopolysaccharides of spaceflight Dunaliella salina. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research 24, 149–153.Google Scholar
Lurling, M. and Beekman, W. (2006) Influence of food-type on the population growth rate of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus in short-chronic assays. Acta Zoologica Sinica 52, 70–78.Google Scholar
Lynn, D.H. (2008) The ciliated protozoa: characterization, classification and guide to the literature, 3rd edition. Dordrecht: Springer.Google Scholar
Norf, H., Arndt, H. and Weitere, M. (2009a) Effects of resource supplements on mature ciliate biofilms: an empirical test using a new type of flow cell. Biofouling 25, 769–778.Google Scholar
Norf, H., Arndt, H. and Weitere, M. (2009b) Responses of biofilm-dwelling ciliate communities to planktonic and benthic resource enrichment. Microbial Ecology 57, 687–700.Google Scholar
Park, J.B., Craggs, R.J. and Shilton, A.N. (2011) Wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds for biofuel production. Bioresource Technology 102, 35–42.Google Scholar
Peng, L., Lan, C.Q., Zhang, Z., Sarch, C. and Laporte, M. (2015) Control of protozoa contamination and lipid accumulation in Neochloris oleoabundans culture: effects of pH and dissolved inorganic carbon. Bioresource Technology 197, 143–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosetta, C.H. and McManus, G.B. (2003) Feeding by ciliates on two harmful algal bloom species, Prymnesium parvum and Prorocentrum minimum. Harmful Algae 2, 109–126.Google Scholar
Song, W., Warren, A. and Hu, X. (2009) Free-living ciliates in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. Beijing: Science Press.Google Scholar
Wang, H., Zhang, W., Chen, L., Wang, J. and Liu, T. (2013) The contamination and control of biological pollutants in mass cultivation of microalgae. Bioresource Technology 128, 745–750.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warwick, R.M. and Clarke, K.R. (1995) New “biodiversity” measures reveal a decrease in taxonomic distinctness with increasing stress. Marine Ecology Progress Series 129, 301–305.Google Scholar
Warwick, R.M. and Clarke, K.R. (1998) Taxonomic distinctness and environmental assessment. Journal of Applied Ecology 35, 532–543.Google Scholar
Warwick, R.M. and Clarke, K.R. (2001) Practical measures of marine biodiversity based on relatedness. Oceanography and Marine Biology 39, 207–231.Google Scholar
Xu, H., Jiang, Y., Al-Rasheid, K.A.S., Al-Farraj, S.A. and Song, W. (2011a) Application of an indicator based on taxonomic relatedness of ciliated protozoan assemblages for marine environmental assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 18, 1213–1221.Google Scholar
Xu, H., Zhang, W., Jiang, Y. and Yang, E.J. (2014) Use of biofilm-dwelling ciliate communities to determine environmental quality status of coastal water. Science of the Total Environment 470–471, 511–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, H., Zhang, W., Jiang, Y., Zhu, M., Al-Rasheid, K.A.S., Warren, A. and Song, W. (2011b) An approach to determining sampling effort for analyzing biofilm-dwelling ciliate colonization using an artificial substratum in coastal waters. Biofouling 27, 357–366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zou, N. and Richmond, A. (1999) Effect of light-path length in outdoor flat plate reactors on output rate of cell mass and of EPA in Nannochloropsis sp. Journal of Biotechnology 12, 331–335.Google Scholar