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Midlife Vascular Factors and Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life in Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2021

Miguel Arce Rentería Open the ORCID record for Miguel Arce Rentería [Opens in a new window] ,
Jennifer J. Manly Open the ORCID record for Jennifer J. Manly [Opens in a new window] ,
Jet M.J. Vonk ,
Silvia Mejia Arango ,
Alejandra Michaels Obregon ,
Rafael Samper-Ternent ,
Rebeca Wong ,
Sandra Barral  and
Giuseppe Tosto
Miguel Arce Rentería
Affiliation:
Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
Jennifer J. Manly
Affiliation:
Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
Jet M.J. Vonk
Affiliation:
Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Silvia Mejia Arango
Affiliation:
Department of Population Studies, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
Alejandra Michaels Obregon
Affiliation:
Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
Rafael Samper-Ternent
Affiliation:
Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
Rebeca Wong
Affiliation:
Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
Sandra Barral*
Affiliation:
Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
Giuseppe Tosto*
Affiliation:
Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Sandra Barral, Giuseppe Tosto, Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA. E-mails: smb2174@cumc.columbia.edu; gt2260@cumc.columbia.edu
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Sandra Barral, Giuseppe Tosto, Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA. E-mails: smb2174@cumc.columbia.edu; gt2260@cumc.columbia.edu
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Abstract

Objective:

To estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes and investigate the impact of midlife cardiovascular risk factors on late-life MCI among the aging Mexican population.

Method:

Analyses included a sample of non-demented adults over the age of 55 living in both urban and rural areas of Mexico (N = 1807). MCI diagnosis was assigned based on a comprehensive cognitive assessment assessing the domains of memory, executive functioning, language, and visuospatial ability. The normative sample was selected by means of the robust norms approach. Cognitive impairment was defined by a 1.5-SD cut-off per cognitive domain using normative corrections for age, years of education, and sex. Risk factors included age, education, sex, rurality, depression, insurance status, workforce status, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and heart disease.

Results:

The prevalence of amnestic MCI was 5.9%. Other MCI subtypes ranged from 4.2% to 7.7%. MCI with and without memory impairment was associated with older age (OR = 1.01 [1.01, 1.05]; OR = 1.03 [1.01, 1.04], respectively) and residing in rural areas (OR = 1.49 [1.08, 2.06]; OR = 1.35 [1.03, 1.77], respectively). Depression (OR = 1.07 [1.02, 1.12]), diabetes (OR = 1.37 [1.03, 1.82]), and years of education (OR = 0.94 [0.91, 0.97]) were associated with MCI without memory impairment. Midlife CVD increased the odds of MCI in late-life (OR = 1.76 [1.19, 2.59], which was driven by both midlife hypertension and diabetes (OR = 1.70 [1.18, 2.44]; OR = 1.88 [1.19, 2.97], respectively).

Conclusions:

Older age, depression, low education, rurality, and midlife hypertension and diabetes were associated with higher risk of late-life MCI among older adults in Mexico. Our findings suggest that the causes of cognitive impairment are multifactorial and vary by MCI subtype.

Keywords

Mild cognitive impairmentCognitive agingNeuropsychologyMex-CogMexican populationMHAS
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 28 , Issue 4 , April 2022 , pp. 351 - 361
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

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