Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-25wd4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T20:17:53.166Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Emotional Stop Cues Facilitate Inhibitory Control in Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2019

Qi Zheng ,
Tian-Xiao Yang Open the ORCID record for Tian-Xiao Yang [Opens in a new window]  and
Zheng Ye
Qi Zheng
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Tian-Xiao Yang*
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Zheng Ye*
Affiliation:
Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Tian-xiao Yang, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail: yangtx@psych.ac.cn; Zheng Ye, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, Shanghai 200031, China, E-mail: yez@ion.ac.cn
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Tian-xiao Yang, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail: yangtx@psych.ac.cn; Zheng Ye, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, Shanghai 200031, China, E-mail: yez@ion.ac.cn
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective:

Inhibitory control is a key deficit in patients with schizophrenia. This study aims to test whether emotions can facilitate inhibition in patients with schizophrenia when they increase attention to inhibitory process.

Method:

A total of 36 patients with schizophrenia and 36 healthy controls completed an emotional stop-signal task. The task involved selective responses to “Go” stimuli and stopped response when emotional or neutral stop cues occurred.

Results:

In all conditions, patients with schizophrenia took longer time to inhibit response compared with healthy controls, indicating an overall impairment in response inhibition. Importantly, patients with schizophrenia and controls acquired similar size of benefit from the negative stop cues, showing as reduced reaction time to negative than neutral stop cues. However, the negative stop cues impaired subsequent Go performance only in patients with schizophrenia, indicating additional cost of the negative stop cues for patients with schizophrenia. In both groups, the positive stop cues did not have any significant influence on response inhibition.

Conclusions:

These findings provide novel evidence for the benefit of emotional stop cues on inhibitory control in patients with schizophrenia and reveal different after-effects of emotional enhancement effect in patients and healthy populations. The findings may help develop effective interventions for improving inhibitory control in patients with schizophrenia and other clinical populations.

Keywords

SchizophreniaResponse inhibitionEmotionStop-signal taskCognitive enhancementExecutive function
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , March 2020 , pp. 286 - 293
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allen, K.J. & Hooley, J.M. (2015). Inhibitory control in people who self-injure: Evidence for impairment and enhancement. Psychiatry Research, 225(3), 631–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.033CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andreasen, N.C., Pressler, M., Nopoulos, P., Miller, D., & Ho, B.C. (2010). Antipsychotic dose equivalents and dose-years: A standardized method for comparing exposure to different drugs. Biological Psychiatry, 67(3), 255–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.040CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, A.S. & Minor, K.S. (2010). Emotional experience in patients with schizophrenia revisited: Meta-analysis of laboratory studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36(1), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn061CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Houwer, J. & Tibboel, H. (2010). Stop what you are not doing! Emotional pictures interfere with the task not to respond. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 17(5), 699–703. https://doi.org/10.3758/PBR.17.5.699CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derntl, B. & Habel, U. (2016). Angry but not neutral faces facilitate response inhibition in schizophrenia patients. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 267(7), 621–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-016-0748-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Docherty, A.R., Sponheim, S.R., & Kerns, J.G. (2014). Further examination of ambivalence in relation to the schizophrenia spectrum. Schizophrenia Research, 158(1), 261–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.015CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Egashira, K., Matsuo, K., Nakashima, M., Watanuki, T., Harada, K., Nakano, M., Matsubara, T., Takahashi, K., & Watanabe, Y. (2015). Blunted brain activation in patients with schizophrenia in response to emotional cognitive inhibition: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Schizophrenia Research, 162(1–3), 196–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.12.038CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gong, Y.X. (1992). Manual of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Chinese Version). Changsha, China: Chinese Map Press.Google Scholar
Herbert, C. & Sütterlin, S. (2011). Response inhibition and memory retrieval of emotional target words: Evidence from an emotional stop-signal task. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, 1(3), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2011.13020CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoptman, M.J., Antonius, D., Mauro, C.J., Parker, E.M., & Javitt, D.C. (2014). Cortical thinning, functional connectivity, and mood-related impulsivity in schizophrenia: Relationship to aggressive attitudes and behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(9), 939–948. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13111553CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iancu, I., Bodner, E., Roitman, S., Piccone Sapir, A., Poreh, A., & Kotler, M. (2010). Impulsivity, aggression and suicide risk among male schizophrenia patients. Psychopathology, 43(4), 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1159/000313520CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Inzlicht, M., Bartholow, B.D., & Hirsh, J.B. (2015). Emotional foundations of cognitive control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(3), 126–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.01.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaladjian, A., Jeanningros, R., Azorin, J.M., Anton, J.L., & Mazzola-Pomietto, P. (2011). Impulsivity and neural correlates of response inhibition in schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 41(2), 291–299. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291710000796CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalanthroff, E., Cohen, N., & Henik, A. (2013). Stop feeling: Inhibition of emotional interference following stop-signal trials. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00078CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kay, S.R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L.A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, 261–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krakowski, M.I., De Sanctis, P., Foxe, J.J., Hoptman, M.J., Nolan, K., Kamiel, S., & Czobor, P. (2016). Disturbances in response inhibition and emotional processing as potential pathways to violence in schizophrenia: A high-density event-related potential study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 42(4), 963–974. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krypotos, A.-M., Jahfari, S., van Ast, V.A., Kindt, M., & Forstmann, B.U. (2011). Individual differences in heart rate variability predict the degree of slowing during response inhibition and initiation in the presence of emotional stimuli. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 278. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00278CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lang, P.J., Bradley, M.M., & Cuthbert, B.N. (2005). International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Digitized Photographs, Instruction Manual, and Affective Ratings (Tech. Rep. No. A-6). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Lindstrom, B.R. & Bohlin, G. (2011). Emotion processing facilitates working memory performance. Cognition & Emotion, 25(7), 1196–1204. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2010.527703CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lipszyc, J. & Schachar, R. (2010). Inhibitory control and psychopathology: A meta-analysis of studies using the stop signal task. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(6), 1064–1076. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617710000895CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Logan, G.D. & Cowan, W.B. (1984). On the ability to inhibit thought and action: A theory of an act of control. Psychological Review, 91(3), 295–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patton, J.H., Stanford, M.S., & Barratt, E.S. (1995). Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(6), 768–774.3.0.CO;2-1>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pawliczek, C.M., Derntl, B., Kellermann, T., Kohn, N., Gur, R.C., & Habel, U. (2013). Inhibitory control and trait aggression: Neural and behavioral insights using the emotional stop signal task. Neuroimage, 79, 264–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.104CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pessoa, L. (2008). On the relationship between emotion and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(2), 148–158. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2317CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pessoa, L. (2009). How do emotion and motivation direct executive control? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(4), 160–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.01.006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pessoa, L., Padmala, S., Kenzer, A., & Bauer, A. (2012). Interactions between cognition and emotion during response inhibition. Emotion, 12(1), 192–197. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024109CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rebetez, M.M., Rochat, L., Billieux, J., Gay, P., & Van der Linden, M. (2015). Do emotional stimuli interfere with two distinct components of inhibition? Cognition & Emotion, 29(3), 559–567. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.922054CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Si, T., Yang, J., Shu, L., Wang, X., Kong, Q., Zhou, M., Li, X., & Liu, C. (2004). The reliability, validity of PANSS and its implication. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 18(1), 45–47.Google Scholar
Strauss, G.P., Llerena, K., & Gold, J.M. (2011). Attentional disengagement from emotional stimuli in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 131(1), 219–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2011.06.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trémeau, F., Antonius, D., Cacioppo, J.T., Ziwich, R., Jalbrzikowski, M., Saccente, E., Silipo, G., Butler, P., & Javitt, D. (2009). In support of Bleuler: Objective evidence for increased affective ambivalence in schizophrenia based upon evocative testing. Schizophrenia Research, 107(2), 223–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2008.09.020CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verbruggen, F., Chambers, C.D., & Logan, G.D. (2013). Fictitious inhibitory differences: How skewness and slowing distort the estimation of stopping latencies. Psychological Science, 24(3), 352–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612457390CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verbruggen, F. & De Houwer, J. (2007). Do emotional stimuli interfere with response inhibition? Evidence from the stop signal paradigm. Cognition & Emotion, 21(2), 391–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930600625081CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vercammen, A., Morris, R., Green, M., Lenroot, R., Kulkarni, J., Carr, V.J., Weickert, C.S., & Weickert, T. (2012). Reduced neural activity of the prefrontal cognitive control circuitry during response inhibition to negative words in people with schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 37(6), 379–388. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.110088CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vercammen, A., Skilleter, A., Lenroot, R., Catts, S., Weickert, C. & Weickert, T. (2013). Testosterone is inversely related to brain activity during emotional inhibition in schizophrenia. PLoS ONE, 8(10), e77496. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077496CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, L., Lipszyc, J., Dupuis, A., Thayapararajah, S.W., & Schachar, R. (2014). Response inhibition and psychopathology: A meta-analysis of go/no-go task performance. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(2), 429–439. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036295CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xu, M.S., Li, Z.A., Fan, L.X., Sun, L.J., Ding, C., Li, L., & Yang, D. (2016). Dissociable effects of fear and disgust in proactive and reactive inhibition. Motivation and Emotion, 40(2), 334–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-015-9531-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, T., Cui, X., Wang, Y., Huang, J., Lui, S.S.Y., Zhang, R., Cheung, E.F.C., & Chan, R.C.K. (2018). Effect of emotional cues on prospective memory performance in patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Schizophrenia Research, 201, 145–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.023CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, J., Hung, D.L., Tseng, P., Tzeng, O.J., Muggleton, N.G., & Juan, C.H. (2012). Sex differences in how erotic and painful stimuli impair inhibitory control. Cognition, 124(2), 251–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.04.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhou, J.S., Zhong, B.L., Xiang, Y.T., Chen, Q.N., Cao, X.L., Correll, C.U., Ungvari, G.S., Chiu, H.F., Lai, K.Y., & Wang, X.P. (2016). Prevalence of aggression in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in China: A meta-analysis. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 8(1), 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.12209CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhou, L., Xiao, S.-Y., He, X.-Y., Li, J., & Liu, H.-M. (2006). Reliability and validity of Chinese version of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 14(4), 342–344.Google Scholar