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2 Cross Cultural Application of the International Classification of Cognitive Disorders in Epilepsy (IC CoDE) Cognitive Phenotypes in People with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2023

Urvashi Shah*
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Shivani Rajeshree
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Anny Reyes
Affiliation:
Centre for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics (CMIG) University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
Aparna Sahu
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Mayuri Kalika
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Sangeeta Ravat
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Robyn Busch
Affiliation:
Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Mayu Fujikawa
Affiliation:
Department of Epileptology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Tohuku, Japan.
Victoria Ives-Deliperi
Affiliation:
Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Sallie Baxendale
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, United Kingdom.
Bruce Hermann
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
Carrie McDonald
Affiliation:
Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics (CMIG) University of California, San Diego, California, USA
*
Correspondence: Urvashi Shah, Ph.D Department of Neurology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India shahurvashi100@gmail.com
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Abstract

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Objective:

To apply the new IC-CoDE cognitive diagnostic taxonomy (Norman et al., 2020) to a large cohort of people with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in India. The IC-CoDE taxonomy of cognitive diagnoses for 1,409 Englishspeaking adults with TLE from seven epilepsy centres in the U.S. has been published (McDonald et al., 2022). Initial results suggest that the IC-CoDE produces stable cognitive phenotypes across centres; however, its international applicability, including the suggested impairment cut-off needs to be considered across cultures and languages to avoid misclassification. The aim of this study was to apply the IC-CoDE to a population, outside of the U.S., diverse in language representation (i.e., bi/multi-lingual), assessment tools, normative data, and educational and cultural backgrounds to determine whether the same cognitive phenotypes and their relative frequencies would emerge.

Participants and Methods:

Data from 549 adults with TLE (mean age=27.14 (8.04), 60.47% males) from a tertiary referral hospital in Mumbai, India who had undergone a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation (minimum two tests in at least 4 of the 5 cognitive domains: memory, language, executive function, attention/processing speed and visuospatial) were analysed using the ICCoDE criteria. The base rate of impairment for individual tests was calculated using a cutoff of 1.5 standard deviations (S.D.) below the normative mean. The cognitive diagnostic criteria were applied, and the distribution and base rate of cognitive phenotypes was compared to the published taxonomy data from the U.S. (McDonald et al., 2022).

Results:

In comparison to the U.S. cohort, the India group was relatively younger, lower in the education level, had a younger age at seizure onset and a shorter duration of the epilepsy. Application of the IC-CoDE taxonomy using a 1.5 S.D. cutoff revealed an Intact cognitive profile in 48% of patients, Single Domain impairment in 32%, Bi Domain impairment in 15% and Generalised impairment in 5%. These findings were mostly comparable to percentages reported in the U.S. cohorts with Intact profile (47%; c2= 0.158, p=0.690), Single Domain (29%; c2= 46.26, p<0.01), Bi Domain (16%; c2= 0.298, p=0.585) and Generalised (8%; c2= 5.347, p=0.021) impairment. However, the most common impairment in the Single Domain group for the bi/multilingual India population was Memory (38%) followed by Attention (20%) and then Language (13%), diverging from the distribution in the U.S. data with maximum impairment in Language (49%) followed by Memory (32%) in the Single Domain Group.

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate that the IC-CoDE can be applied internationally, and the broad taxonomy of cognitive diagnosis holds even in a culturally, linguistically diverse population. Differences in rates of impairments across specific domains emerged with language relatively preserved in the India bi/multilingual population, and memory more frequently impaired than observed in the multi-centre U.S. sample. These findings may reflect differences in demographics, rates of bi/multilingualism, normative data, language tools, or underlying neuropathology, which should be further explored to determine their impact on cognitive profiles.

Type
Poster Session 03: Dementia | Amnesia | Memory | Language | Executive Functions
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2023