Within the distinguished framework of this Congress, held in the most pleasant and friendly setting of the University of Pennsylvania and its great Museum from September 1st to 9th, 1956, two sessions were devoted to Comparative Musicology—or, using the term propagated chiefly by Dr. Jaap Kunst and favoured increasingly in the U.S., Ethnomusicology. There was also related matter at a few other sessions, and many ethnological films—some with music; some outstanding in craftsmanship, quality, and conception. In the absence of a central topic or theme, the sessions reflected some of the great variety within our subject matter and some of the different points of view.