Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-2l2gl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-29T06:40:13.235Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Decent Work in Scotland, an Agenda-Setting Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 November 2019

HARTWIG PAUTZ
Affiliation:
Lecturer in Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, School of Education & Social Sciences, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK email: Hartwig.Pautz@uws.ac.uk
SALLY A. WRIGHT
Affiliation:
Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Employment Research, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK email: S.A.Wright@warwick.ac.uk
CHIK COLLINS
Affiliation:
Rector of the University of the Faroe Islands, J. C. Svabos gøta 14, P.O. Box 272, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands; Visiting Professor of Applied Social Science at the University of the West of Scotland, School of Education & Social Sciences, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK email: ChikC@setur.fo

Abstract

This article uses John Kingdon’s multiple streams framework as an analytical tool to consider how the policy issue of ‘job quality’, in the guises of ‘decent work’ and ‘fair work’, developed a ‘career’ in Scotland between 2013 and 2017. The aim is to understand why, despite the efforts of a variety of policy entrepreneurs and the openness of the Scottish Government to this policy problem, job quality did not arrive on the Scottish Government’s decision agenda. The article finds that the crucial ‘policy window’ did not open due to the 2016 ‘Brexit’ decision dramatically changing the political landscape.

The article demonstrates the applicability of Kingdon’s framework for agenda-setting analysis in a parliamentary environment and constitutes a rare application of the framework to a ‘live’ policy issue.

The authors were involved in a research and advocacy project on ‘decent work’ that was undertaken in Scotland during 2015 and 2016 and therefore were amongst the policy entrepreneurs seeking to place job quality on the Scottish Government’s agenda.

Type
Article
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bache, I. (2013), ‘Measuring quality of life for public policy: an idea whose time has come? Agenda-setting dynamics in the European Union’, Journal of European Public Policy, 20, 1, 21382 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béland, D. (2005), ‘Ideas and social policy: An institutionalist perspective’, Social Policy & Administration, 39, 1, 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Béland, D. (2015), ‘Kingdon reconsidered: ideas, interests, and institutions in comparative policy analysis’, Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 18, 3, 228242.Google Scholar
Béland, D. and Howlett, M. (2016), ‘The Role and Impact of the Multiple Streams Approach in Comparative Policy Analysis’, Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 18, 3, 221227.Google Scholar
Béland, D. and Lecours, A. (2008), Nationalism and Social Policy: The Politics of Territorial Solidarity. Oxford: University Press. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blyth, M. (1997), ‘”Any more bright ideas?” The ideational turn of comparative political economy’, Comparative Politics, 29, 2, 229250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blyth, M. (2002), Great Transformations: Economic Ideas and Institutional Change in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buller, J. and Flinders, M. (2005), ‘The domestic origins of depoliticization in the area of British economic policy’, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 7, 4, 526543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burchell, B., Sehnbruch, K., Piasna, A. and Agloni, N. (2014), ‘The quality of employment and decent work: definitions, methodologies, and ongoing debates’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 38, 2, 459477.10.1093/cje/bet067CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cairney, P. (2012), Understanding public policy: theories and issues. Houndmills: Basingstoke.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cairney, P. (2014), ‘The Territorialisation of Interest Representation in Scotland: Did Devolution Produce a New Form of Group-Government Relations?’, Territory, Politics, Governance, 2, 3, 303321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cairney, P. (2018), ‘Three habits of successful policy entrepreneurs’, Policy & Politics, 46, 2, 199215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cairney, P. and Jones, M.D. (2016), ‘Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Approach: what is the empirical impact of this universal theory?’, Policy Studies Journal, 44, 1, 3758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cairney, P. and Russell, S. and St Denny, E. (2016), ‘The “Scottish approach” to policy and policymaking: what issues are territorial and what are universal?’, Policy & Politics, 44, 3, 333350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CAS (2015), ‘Fair enough? Protecting Scotland’s Workers from Unfair Treatment’, Citizens Advice Scotland, https://www.cas.org.uk/system/files/publications/Fair%20Enough%20Protecting%20Scotland%27s%20workers%20from%20unfair%20treatment%20Feb%202015.pdf [accessed 03.12.2017].Google Scholar
Curtice, J. (2015), ‘A defeat to reckon with: On Scotland, economic competence, and the complexities of Labour’s losses’, Juncture, 22, 1, 4247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtice, J. and Ormston, R. (2011), ‘Is Scotland more left-wing than England?’, British Social Attittudes, 42, http://www.scotcen.org.uk/media/176048/2011-is-scotland-more-left-wing-than-england.pdf [accessed 17.02.2017].Google Scholar
Eurofound. (2012), Trends in job quality in Europe. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.Google Scholar
Fair Work Convention. (2015), ‘What we do’, Fair Work Convention, http://www.fairworkconvention.scot/theconvention_whatwedo.html [accessed 10.05.2018].Google Scholar
Fair Work Convention. (2016), ‘Fair Work Framework 2016’. Fair Work Convention. https://www.fairworkconvention.scot/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Fair-Work-Convention-Framework-PDF-Full-Version.pdf. [accessed 19.12.2017].Google Scholar
FoAI. (2016), Fraser of Allander Institute Economic Commentary, https://www.strath.ac.uk/media/departments/economics/fairse/fecvol40no3/Outlook_and_appraisal.pdf [accessed 17.2.2019].Google Scholar
Gibb, S. and Ishaq, M. (2016), ‘Decent Work’: the employers’ view. Decent Work in Scotland: Thematic Report 2, http://uwsoxfampartnership.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Decent-Work-Thematic-Report-2-Employers-View-Web.pdf [accessed 12.12.2017].Google Scholar
Hassan, G. (2012), ‘Is Scotland really the social democratic country it proclaims?’, Open Democracy UK. 20th of August, https://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/gerry-hassan/is-scotland-really-social-democratic-country-it-proclaims [accessed 17.0.2019].Google Scholar
Herweg, N., Zahariadis, N. and Zohlnhöfer, R. (2017), ‘The multiple streams framework: foundations, refinements and empirical applications’, Weible, C.M. and Sabatier, P.A. (200?) Theories of the Policy Process. New York: Routledge, 1753 Google Scholar
Herweg, N. and Huss, C. and Zohlnhöfer, R. (2015), ‘Theorising extensions of the multiple streams framework’, European Journal of Political Research, 54, 3, 435449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hetherington, P. (2014), ‘Scotland is already a country apart, and a social democratic one’, The Guardian. 11th of March, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/mar/11/scotland-country-apart-social-democratic-independence [accessed 17/2/2019].Google Scholar
Hurrell, A. (2013), ‘Starting out or getting stuck - an analysis of who gets trapped in low-paid work – and who escapes’, Resolution Foundation, http://www.resolutionfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Starting-out-or-gettingstuck-FINAL.pdf [accessed 31/10/2019].Google Scholar
IOE. (2002), Trabajo decente. C’omo llevarlo a la pr’actica: el punto de vista de los empleadores [‘Decent Work. How to Put it into Practice: The Point of View of Employers’]. Geneva: International Organization for Employers.Google Scholar
ILO. (1999), Decent Work: Report of the Director General, International Labour Conference, 87th Session. Geneva: International Labour Office.Google Scholar
ILO. (2008), ‘The Measurement of Decent Work’,: Discussion paper for the Tripartite Meeting of Experts on the Measurement of Decent Work, 8–10 September 2008. Geneva: International Labour Office.Google Scholar
ILO. (2012), The ILO and the EU, Partners for Decent Work and Social Justice: Impact of Ten Years of Cooperation, Brussels: International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---europe/---ro-geneva/---ilo-brussels/documents/publication/wcms_195135.pdf. [accessed 21/08/2019].Google Scholar
ILO. (2015), A market systems approach to decent work. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---emp_ent/---ifp_seed/documents/briefingnote/wcms_537327.pdf. [accessed 21/08/2019].Google Scholar
ILO. (2018), Decent work and sustainable development goals: A guidebook on SDG labour market indicators. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/publication/wcms_647109.pdf. [accessed 21/08/2019].Google Scholar
ITUC. (2016), ‘World day for decent work’, International Trade Union Confederation, [accessed 3/12/2017].Google Scholar
Keating, M. (2005), The Government of Scotland. Edinburgh: University Press.Google Scholar
Kingdon, J.W. (1984), Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Kirkaldy, L. (2016), ‘Decent work means more than sufficient pay, finds Oxfam’, Holyrood, 9 of March, https://www.holyrood.com/articles/news/decent-work-means-more-sufficient-pay-finds-oxfam [accessed 26/10/2016].Google Scholar
Knaggard, A. (2015), ‘The multiple streams framework and the problem broker’, European Journal for Political Research, 54, 3, 450465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lepanjuuri, K. and Wishart, R. and Cornick, P. (2018), ‘The characteristics of those in the gig economy. NatCen report for Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/687553/The_characteristics_of_those_in_the_gig_economy.pdf [accessed 11/05/2018].Google Scholar
Martin, G. (2016), ‘Revealed: the brutal reality of low paid work in Scotland’, Third Force News, 7th of September, www.thirdforcenews.org.uk/tfn-news/revealed-the-brutal-reality-of-low-paid-work-in-scotland [accessed 26/10/2016].Google Scholar
Miller, J. and Borchardt, L. (2016), Exploring ‘Decent Work’ with people with criminal convictions. Decent Work in Scotland: Thematic Report 3, http://uwsoxfampartnership.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Decent-Work-Thematic-Report-3-People-with-Criminal-Convictions.pdf [accessed 12/12/2017].Google Scholar
Morphet, J. (2017), ‘Sub-regional strategic spatial planning: the use of statecraft and scalecraft in delivering the English model’, Town Planning Review, 88, 6, 665682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muñoz de Bustillo, R. Muñoz, Fernández-Macías, E., Antón, J. and Esteve, F. (2011). Measuring more than money: The social economics of job quality, Cheltenham UK: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naysmith, S. (2016), ‘Report calls for better jobs, not just more jobs’; The Herald, 7 September 2016, www.heraldscotland.com/news/14726618.Report_calls_for_better_jobs__not_just_more_jobs [accessed 26/10/2016].Google Scholar
Nutley, S.M. and Walter, I.C. and Davies, H. (2007), Using Evidence: How Research Can Inform Public Services. Bristol: Policy Press.10.2307/j.ctt9qgwt1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paterson, K. (2016), ‘Decent wages, job security and paid leave among workers’ top priorities, but reality falls short, The National, 9 September, www.thenational.scot/news/decent-wages-job-security-and-paid-leave-among-workers-top-priorities-but-reality-falls-short.22117 [accessed 26/10/2016].Google Scholar
Piggin, J. and Hart, L. (2017), ‘Physical activity advocacy in the UK: a multiple streams analysis of a hybrid policy issue’; Leisure Studies, 36, 5, 708720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollitt, C. (2008), Time, Policy Management: Governing With the Past. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pralle, S.B. (2009), ‘Agenda-setting and climate change’, Environmental Politics, 18, 5, 781799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosie, M. and Bond, R. (2007), ‘Social Democratic Scotland?’, Keating, M. (ed) Scottish Social Democracy Progressive Ideas for Public Policy. Brussels: Peter Lang, 3957.Google Scholar
Sabatier, P.A. (1999), ‘Fostering the development of policy theory’, Sabatier, P.A. (ed) Theories of the Policy Process: Theoretical Lenses on Public Policy. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, pp 261271.Google Scholar
Sager, F. and Thomann, E. (2016), ‘Multiple Streams in member state implementation: politics, problem construction and policy paths in Swiss asylum policy’, Journal of Public Policy, 37, 3, 284314.Google Scholar
Saurugger, S. and Terpan, F. (2016), ‘Do crises lead to policy change? The multiple streams framework and the European Union’s economic governance instruments’, Policy Sciences, 49, 1, 3553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scottish Executive. (2002), Memorandum of Understanding. The Scottish Executive and the STUC Working Together. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Scottish Government. (2013), Scotland’s Future. Your Guide to an Independent Scotland. November. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government, www.gov.scot/Resource/0043/00439021.pdf [accessed 03/12/2017].Google Scholar
Scottish Government. (2014a), ‘Working Together: Progressive Workplace Policies in Scotland’, http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2014/08/4647 [accessed 03/12/2017].Google Scholar
Scottish Government. (2014b), ‘Fair Work Convention created’, The Scottish Government, https://www.wired-gov.net/wg/news.nsf/articles/Fair+Work+Convention+created+16102014070517?open [accessed 03/12/2017].Google Scholar
Scottish Government. (2015b), ‘Leading the Way in Tackling Inequality’, 19th of July, https://news.gov.scot/news/leading-the-way-in-tackling-inequality [accessed 31/10/2019].Google Scholar
Scottish Government. (2014c), ‘More Powers for the Scottish Parliament. Scottish Government Proposals’, www.gov.scot/Resource/0046/00460563.pdf [accessed 18/04/2018].Google Scholar
Scottish Government. (2015c), ‘Creating a Fairer Scotland: Employability Support: A Discussion Paper’, http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2015/07/9128/3 [accessed 10/12/2017].Google Scholar
Scottish Government. (2015d), ‘What do we know about in-work poverty: A summary of the evidence’. 20th of January, http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2015/01/3233/021 [accessed 17/02/2019].Google Scholar
Scottish Government. (2015e), Creating a Fairer Scotland: Employability Support: A Discussion Paper. 6 July, http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0048/00481121.pdf [accessed 11/05/2018].Google Scholar
Scottish Government. (2018), Scotland’s Labour Market Statistics, http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Labour-Market/LMTrends [accessed 16/04/2018].Google Scholar
Scottish Parliament. (2016), Scotland Act 2016, https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/11/contents/enacted [accessed 31/10/2019].Google Scholar
Sehnbruch, K. and Burchell, B. and Agloni, N. and Piasna, A. (2015), ‘Human Development and Decent Work: Why some Concepts Succeed and Others Fail to Make an Impact’, Development and Change, 46, 2, 197224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, A. and Moffett, J. and Allan, G. (2016), What Scotland’s future workforce think about ‘Decent Work’. Decent Work in Scotland: Thematic Report 1, http://uwsoxfampartnership.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Decent-Work-Thematic-Report-1-Young-People-Web.pdf [accessed 12/12/2017].Google Scholar
Spohr, F. (2016), Path-departing labour market reforms in the United Kingdom and Sweden. Zohlnhöfer, R. and Rüb, F.W. (eds) Decision making under Ambiguity and Time Constraints. Assessing the Multiple Streams Framework. Colchester: ECPR, 251269.Google Scholar
Stewart, J. (2004), ‘Scottish solutions to Scottish problems? Social welfare in Scotland since devolution’, Social Policy Review, 16, http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1332/policypress/9781847424716.003.0006 [accessed 05/06/2018].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuart, F. and Pautz, H. and Wright, S. (2016a), Decent work for Scotland’s low-paid workers: a job to be done, http://uwsoxfampartnership.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Decent-Work-in-Scotland-Low-Paid-Workers-final-report-.pdf [accessed 12/12/2017].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuart, F. and Pautz, H. and Wright, S. (2016b), Decent Work in Scotland. Preliminary report, March 2016. UWS-Oxfam Partnership.Google Scholar
STUC. (2014), ‘Dignified Work – Dignified Lives’, Scottish Trades Union Congress, http://www.unitetheunion.org/uploaded/documents/Just%20Scotland%20rally11-20084.pdf [accessed 3/12/2017].Google Scholar
STUC. (2015), Manifesto for Decent Work. Scottish Trades Union Congress, http://www.stuc.org.uk/news/1139/general-election-2015-stuc-releases-manifesto-for-decent-work [accessed 3/12/2017].Google Scholar
Sturgeon, N. (2016), SNP conference opening address, https://www.snp.org/nicola-sturgeon-opening-address-2016 [accessed 17/2/2019].Google Scholar
The Herald. (2016a), ‘Money not the only concern for staff on low pay’, The Herald, 9 March.Google Scholar
The Scotsman. (2016), ‘Study finds low paid employees look beyond wage level’, The Scotsman, 9 March, www.scotsman.com/regions/glasgow-strathclyde/study-finds-low-paid-employees-look-beyond-wage-level-1-4054973 [accessed 26/10/2016].Google Scholar
Thompson, S. (2015), ‘The low-pay, no-pay cycle’, Joseph Rowntree Foundation Programme, https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/low-pay-no-pay-cycle [accessed 17/2/2019].Google Scholar
UN. (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Resolution adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 25 September 2015 A/RES/70/1, https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E [accessed 3/12/2017].Google Scholar
UWS-Oxfam Partnership. (2016), ‘Decent Work report presented at Scottish Parliament’, blog post. September 9, http://uwsoxfampartnership.org.uk/decent-work-report-presented-at-scottish-parliament [accessed 16/02/2019].Google Scholar
Warhurst, C., Wright, S. and Lyonette, C. (2017). Understanding and measuring job quality: Part 1 – Thematic Literature Review, London: CIPD.Google Scholar
Watson, D. (2014), ‘Workers rights in Scotland’, Scottish Policy Now, 12, http://www.scottishpolicynow.co.uk/article/workers-rights-in-scotland [accessed 17/02/2019].Google Scholar
Wigmore, T. (2015), ‘Social democratic Scotland: a country that doesn’t exist’, The New Statesman, 28th of March, http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2015/03/social-democratic-scotland-country-doesnt-exist [accessed 17/02/2019].Google Scholar
Zahariadis, N. (2007), ‘The multiple streams framework: structure limitations, prospects’, Sabatier, P.A. (ed) Theories of the Policy Process: Theoretical Lenses on Public Policy. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 6592.Google Scholar
Zohlnhöfer, R. and Herweg, N. and Huß, C. (2016), ‘Bringing formal political institutions into the multiple streams framework: an analytical proposal for comparative policy analysis’, Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 18,3, 243256.Google Scholar