1 Carandini, A., Giornale di scavo: pensieri sparsi di un archeologo (Turin 2000) 43 Google Scholar: “Non è facile … misurarsi con i grandi uomini, le grandi idee, i grandi fatti e i grandi raccontatori che vivono racchiusi in quello splendido palazzo che si chiama Storia. … quando cerco di penetrare nel palazzo, dalla porta di servizio, mi sento in qualche modo un abusivo”.

2 Carandini, A. and Greco, E., “Carattere del Workshop,” Workshop di Archeologia Classica 1 (2014) 11 Google Scholar: “Non esistono più porte principali e porte di servizio per entrare nel regno di sapere e della storia …”.

3 Finley, M. I., “The Trojan War,” JHS 84 (1964) 2 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

4 Hall chapt. 7; see now Ampolo, C., “Il problema delle origini di Roma rivisitato: concordismo, ipertradizionalismo acritico, contesti. I,” AnnPisa ser. 5, 5.1 (2013) 217–84Google Scholar.

5 Knight, W. F. Jackson, “Aeneas and history,” G&R 6 (1937) 71 Google Scholar.

6 Henige, D., “Impossible to disprove yet impossible to believe: the unforgiving epistemology of deeptime oral tradition,” History in Africa 36 (2009) 201 and 232 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

7 Cf. Wiseman, T. P., “Where was the Porta Romanula?,” PBSR 75 (2007) 236 Google Scholar.

8 Tomei, M. A., Domus Tiberiana: scavi e restauri 1990-2011 (Milan 2011) 61–62 Google Scholar and Tav. A (52 m asl); for the evidence on the Nova Via, see Wiseman, T. P., “Where was the Nova Via?,” PBSR 72 (2004) 167–83Google Scholar.

9 Finley, M. I., Ancient history: evidence and models (London 1985) 21 Google Scholar.

10 Ibid. 112 n.40, citing F. Coarelli, “Public building at Rome between the Second Punic War and Sulla,” PBSR 45 (1977) 1-2.

11 Suet., Aug. 72.1 and 3: habitavit primo iuxta Romanum forum supra scalas anularias in domo quae Calvi oratoris fuerat; postea in Palatio, sed nihilo minus aedibus modicis Hortensianis, et neque laxitate neque cultu conspicuis, ut in quibus porticus breves essent Albanarum columnarum et sine marmore ullo aut insigni pavimento conclavia. ac per annos amplius quadraginta eodem cubiculo hieme et aestate mansit, quamvis parum salubrem valitudini suae urbem hieme experiretur assidueque in urbe hiemaret. … ampla et operosa praetoria gravabatur.

12 Castagnoli, F., “Sulla topografia del Palatino e del Foro Romano,” ArchCl 16 (1964) 186–87Google Scholar. For the domus August(i)ana, see AE 2007.252 Google Scholar, with Panciera, S., “Domus Augustana,” in Leone, A., Palombi, D. and Walker, S. (edd.), Res bene gestae: ricerche di storia urbana su Roma antica in onore di Eva Margareta Steinby (LTUR Suppl. 4, 2007) 293–308 Google Scholar. Destruction of A.D. 64: Tac., Ann. 15.39.1, Dio 62.18.2.

13 Q. Hortensius fought for the assassins (Plut., Brut. 28.1).

14 Elected: App., B.Civ. 4.8.31 (the opening clause of the triumvirs’ policy edict).

15 Carandini, A. and Bruno, D., La casa di Augusto dai “Lupercalia” al Natale (Rome–Bari 2008) 41–42 Google Scholar: “il potere di Ottaviano era stato del tutto illegale e pertanto di carattere dispotico. È un giovane che imita gli eroi greci e i sovrani ellenistici … Ottaviano ha oramai a disposizione un palazzo ellenistico”.

16 Carettoni, G., Das Haus des Augustus auf dem Palatin (Mainz 1983) 9 and 45 Google Scholar, with plan 1. Adjacent to temple: Vell. Pat. 2.81.3, Dio 49.15.5; cf. Suet., Aug. 29.3.

17 D’Elia, L. Sasso, “Domus Augustana, Augustiana,” LTUR 2 (1995) 41 Google Scholar: “l’ipotesi di Castagnoli [v. supra n.12] appare superata dagli scavi Carettoni”.

18 Zanker, P., The power of images in the age of Augustus (Ann Arbor, MI 1988) 51 and 68 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Iacopi, I., “Domus: Augustus (Palatium),” LTUR 2 (1995) 48 Google Scholar.

19 Iacopi, I. and Tedone, G., “Bibliotheca e porticus ad Apollinis,” RömMitt 112 (2006) 351–78Google Scholar. See also Iacopi, I., La casa di Augusto: le pitture (Verona 2007) 7–14 Google Scholar.

20 E.g., Carandini and Bruno (supra n.15); Carandini, A., Le case del potere nell’antica Roma (Rome–Bari 2010) 174 Google Scholar (“la dimora … rivela … la natura illimitata di un malcelato megalomane”); Coarelli, F., Palatium: il Palatino dalle origini all'impero (Rome 2012) 395 Google Scholar (“un vero e proprio palazzo”); Bruno, D., in Carandini, A. and Carafa, P. (edd.), Atlante di Roma antica (Milan 2012) 228 Google Scholar (“una residenza dinastica di stampo ellenistico”).

21 Cic., Sest. 96: duo genera semper in hac civitate fuerunt eorum qui versari in re publica atque in ea re excellentius gerere studuerunt, quibus ex generibus alteri se populares alteri optimates et haberi et esse voluerunt. qui ea quae faciebant quaeque dicebant multitudini iucunda volebant esse populares, qui autem ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent optimates habebantur.

22 E.g., Sall., , Cat. 20.9, 39.1 and 58.11Google Scholar; B.Jug. 3.4, 27.2 and 31.19Google Scholar; Hist. 1.12 and 3.48.27-28Google Scholar; cf. also Caes., , B.Civ. 1.22.5Google Scholar, [Hirt.] BG 8.50.2Google Scholar, Liv. 10.24.9.

23 Statement of policy: Sall., , Cat. 4.2 Google Scholar and Hist. 1.6 Google Scholar. Examples: Cat. 38, 53–54 Google Scholar, B.Jug. 40, and Hist. 1.12–13 Google Scholar.

24 Sall., , Cat. 10–13, 20.7-8 and 39.1-4Google Scholar; B.Jug. 16.1–2, 30-31, 41-42Google Scholar; Hist. 1.12, 1.16 and 3.48.1-6Google Scholar.

25 Sall., , B.Jug. 5.1–2 Google Scholar (tunc primum superbiae nobilitatis obviae itum est): the struggle begun in the late 2nd c. B.C. “reached such a level of madness that only war and the devastation of Italy has put an end to civil strife”.

26 Caes., , B.Civ. 1.22.5 Google Scholar: ut se et populum Romanum factione paucorum oppressum in libertatem vindicaret. For Caesar as popularis see Cic., , Cat. 4.9 Google Scholar, Att. 16.16a.3Google Scholar; for his popular support, e.g., Cic., , Att. 7.3.5, 7.7.6, 8.3.4 and 10.4.8Google Scholar; App., , B.Civ. 3.57.238 Google Scholar.

27 Aug., , RG 1.1 Google Scholar: annos undeviginti natus exercitum privato consilio et privata impensa comparavi, per quam rem publicam a dominatione factionis oppressam in libertatem vindicavi.

28 Sall., , B.Jug. 42.1 Google Scholar: vindicare plebem in libertatem et paucorum scelera patefacere coepere.

29 Sall., , Cat. 12.3, 13.1 and 20.11Google Scholar; “they pull down new houses and build others” (ibid. 20.12).

30 Varr., , RR 1.13.7Google Scholar; Hor., , Carm. 2.25, 2.28.1-8, 3.1.33-48 and 3.24.1-8Google Scholar.

31 Vitr. 6.5.2: nobilibus vero, qui honores magistratusque gerendo praestare debent officia civibus, faciunda sunt vestibula regalia alta atria et peristylia amplissima, silvae ambulationes laxiores ad decorum maiestatis perfectae; praeterea bibliothecas basilicas non dissimili modo quam publicorum operum magnificentia comparatas, quod in domibus eorum saepius et publica consilia et privata iudicia arbitriaque conficiuntur.

32 Hor., , Carm. 2.15.1–2 Google Scholar (regiae moles), 2.18.5-6 (Attali regia).

33 Supra nn. 19-20.

34 Atlante di Roma antica (supra n.20) ill. 9, tavv. 64 and 69.

35 Cic., , Mur. 76 Google Scholar (odit populus Romanus privatam luxuriam, publicam magnificentiam diligit); cf. id. Dom. 115 on Clodius’ ambitious plans for a palatial house on the Palatine, complete with ‘grand peristyle’ and a 300-foot portico.

36 Supra n.27 (the Greek version renders factionis as “of the conspirators”); cf. RG 2 on “those who killed my father”.

37 Acquired for public use: Vell. Pat. 2.81.3, Dio 49.15.5. For the colonnades as a public resource, see Prop. 2.31.1-4; Ov., , Ars Am. 3.389 Google Scholar, Trist. 3.1.61-64.

38 Supra n.15.

39 Hall agrees (182) with Carandini, Le case del potere (supra n.20) 176: “Chi altri avrebbe potuto permettersi a Roma — in quel tempo e a quell’indirizzo — un edificio regale se non il quasi monarca Ottaviano?”

40 But whatever the genre, his text is packed full of detailed information. Cf. Wallace-Hadrill, A., Suetonius: the scholar and his Caesars (London 1983) 61 Google Scholar: “The Julius and the Augustus are in a class apart for length, minuteness of focus, abundance of documentation and liberal citation of authorities”.

41 But he was well aware of the fire of A.D. 3 that made it necessary for Augustus to rebuild the house ( Suet., , Aug. 57.2 Google Scholar).

42 “We are … entitled to wonder whether Augustus’s professions of simplicity were no less disingenuous than his claim to have restored the Republic to the senate and people of Rome” (183). But the claim was valid: that is exactly what he did.

43 See, however, Tomei, M. A., “Note su Palatium di Filippo Coarelli,” JRA 26 (2013), who at 532–33Google Scholar offers an updated version of Carettoni’s hypothesis, based on his unpublished notes.

44 Jos., , AntJ 19.223 Google Scholar (“the public area”, τὸ δημοσίον); cf. 162 (Claudius kidnapped “from the house”, ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας).

45 Jos., , AntJ 19.227–28Google Scholar: διειστήκεσαν δὲ αἱ γνῶμαι τοῦ δήμου καὶ τῶν ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς• οἱ μὲν ἀξιώματος τε τοῦ πρότερου ὀρεγόμενοι καὶ δουλείαν ἔπακτον αὐτοῖς ὕβρει τῶν τυράννων γενομένην φιλοτιμούμενοι διαδιδράσκειν χρόνῳ παρασχόν, ὁ δὲ δῆμος φθόνῳ τε πρὸς ἐκείνην καθιστάμενος καὶ τῶν πλεονεξιῶν αὐτῆς ἐπιστόμισμα τοὺς αὐτοκράτορας εἰδὼς καὶ αὐτοῦ καταφυγὴν ἔχαιρεν Κλαυδίου τῇ ἁρπαγῇ στάσιν τε ἔμφυλον, ὁποία καὶ ἐπὶ Πομπηίου γένοιτο, ἀπαλλάξειν αὐτῶν ὑπελάμβανον τοῦτον αὐτοκράτορα καθισταμένον.

46 Full argument in Wiseman, T. P., “The Palatine, from Evander to Elagabalus,” JRS 103 (2013) at 248–62Google Scholar, and id., The death of Caligula (Liverpool 2013) 100-8. Since Hall (179) refers with approval to an article of mine published in 1987, it is worth mentioning that these new publications supersede it, the archaeology of the Palatine having moved on in the last 27 years.