Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-p2v8j Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2024-05-21T14:32:46.428Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The effects of risk aversion and density of contribution on comparisons of administrative charges in individual account pension systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2016

LUIS CHAVEZ-BEDOYA*
Affiliation:
Department of Finance, Esan Graduate School of Business, Lima, Peru (e-mail: lchavezbedoya@esan.edu.pe)

Abstract

This paper studies the effects of risk aversion and density of contribution (DoC) on comparisons of proportional charges on flow (contributions) and balance (assets) during the accumulation phase of a defined-contribution pension plan in a system of individual retirement accounts. If the participant's degree of risk aversion increases and both charges yield the same expected terminal wealth, then the charge on balance improves with respect to the charge on flow when performing comparisons that examine the ratio between the resulting expected utilities of terminal wealth. When this methodology is applied to the Peruvian Private Pension System, empirical results demonstrate that the aforementioned result also holds for arbitrary charges on flow and balance and that the effect of DoC on these comparisons is nearly negligible for most of the assessed scenarios.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arenas de Mesa, A. and Mesa-Lago, C. (2006) The structural pension reform in Chile: effects, comparisons with other Latin American reforms, and lessons. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 22(1): 149167.Google Scholar
Arenas de Mesa, A., Behrman, J., and Bravo, D. (2004) Characteristics of and determinants of the density of contributions in a private social security system. Michigan Retirement Research Center, Working Paper, WP 2004-077.Google Scholar
Arrau, P., Valdés-Prieto, S., and Schmidt-Hebbel, K. (1993) Privately managed pension systems: design issues and the Chilean experience. Technical Report Mimeo, Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Ashenfelter, O. (2012) Comparing real wage rates. The American Economic Review, 102(2): 617642.Google Scholar
Battocchio, P. and Menoncin, F. (2004) Optimal pension management in a stochastic framework. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 34(1): 7995.Google Scholar
Battocchio, P., Menoncin, F., and Scaillet, O. (2007) Optimal asset allocation for pension funds under mortality risk during the accumulation and decumulation phases. Annals of Operations Research, 152(1): 141165.Google Scholar
Blake, D. and Board, J. (2000) Measuring value added in the pensions industry. Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice, 25(4): 539567.Google Scholar
Blake, D., Cairns, A. J. G., and Dowd, K. (2001) Pensionmetrics: stochastic pension plan design and value-at-risk during the accumulation phase. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 29(2): 187215.Google Scholar
Blake, D., Cairns, A. J. G., and Dowd, K. (2003) Pensionmetrics 2: stochastic pension plan design during the distribution phase. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 33(1): 2947.Google Scholar
Boudoukh, J. and Richardson, M. (1993) Stock returns and inflation: a long-horizon perspective. The American Economic Review, 5: 13461355.Google Scholar
Boulier, J. F., Huang, S., and Taillard, G. (2001) Optimal management under stochastic interest rates: the case of a protected defined contribution pension fund. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 28(2): 173189.Google Scholar
Cairns, A. J. G., Blake, D., and Dowd, K. (2006) Stochastic lifestyling: optimal dynamic asset allocation for defined contribution pension plans. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 30(5): 843877.Google Scholar
Carriere, J. F. and Shand, K. J. (1998) New salary functions for pension valuations. North American Actuarial Journal, 2(3): 1826.Google Scholar
Castro, J. F. and Yamada, G. (2010) Las diferencias étnicas y de género en el acceso a la educación básica y superior en el Perú. Tech. Rept. Lima: Centro de Investigación y Departamento de Economa de la Universidad del Pacfico.Google Scholar
Chlon, A. (2000) Pension reform and public information in Poland. Pension Reform Primer Series. Social Protection Discussion Paper, 0019, World Bank.Google Scholar
Chlon, A., Góra, M., and Rutkowski, M. (1999) Shaping pension reform in Poland: security through diversity. Technical Rept. World Bank.Google Scholar
Corvera, F., Lartigue, J., and Madero, D. (2006) Análisis Comparativo de las Comisiones por Administración de los Fondos de Pensiones en los Pases de América Latina. Mimeo, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Deelstra, G., Grasselli, M., and Koehl, P. F. (2003) Optimal investment strategies in the presence of a minimum guarantee. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 33(1): 189207.Google Scholar
De Jong, F. (2008) Pension fund investments and the valuation of liabilities under conditional indexation. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 42(1): 113.Google Scholar
Devesa-Carpio, J. and Vidal-Meliá, C. (1997) Estrategias individuales de ahorro-pensión y perfiles de ingresos. Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, XXVI(90): 167195.Google Scholar
Devesa-Carpio, J., Rodríguez-Barrera, R., and Vidal-Meliá, C. (2003) Medición y comparación internacional de los costes de administración para el afiliado en las cuentas individuales de capitalización. Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, XXXII(116): 95144.Google Scholar
Devolder, P., Bosch Princep, M. and Domínguez Fabián, I. (2003) Stochastic optimal control of annuity contracts. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 33(2): 227238.Google Scholar
Diamond, P. (2000) Administrative costs and equilibrium charges with individual accounts. In Shoven, J. B. (ed.), Administrative Aspects of Investment-based Social Security Reform. University of Chicago Press, pp. 137172.Google Scholar
Diamond, P. and Valdés-Prieto, S. (1994) Social security reforms. In Bosworth, B., Dornbusch, R., and Laban, R. (eds), The Chilean Economy: Policy Lessons and Challenges. Chicago: Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, pp. 257328.Google Scholar
Durán, F. and Pena, H. (2011) Determinantes de las tasas de reemplazo de pensiones de capitalización individual: escenarios latinoamericanos comparados. Serie seminarios y conferencias, No. 64, CEPAL.Google Scholar
Edwards, S. (1998) The Chilean pension reform: a pioneering program. In Feldstein, M. (ed.), Privatizing Social Security. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 3362.Google Scholar
Fama, E. F. and Schwert, G. W. (1977) Asset returns and inflation. Journal of Financial Economics, 5(2): 115146.Google Scholar
Gao, J. (2009) Optimal portfolios for DC pension plans under a CEV model. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 44(3): 479490.Google Scholar
Gerrard, R., Haberman, S., and Vigna, E. (2004) Optimal investment choices post-retirement in a defined contribution pension scheme. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 35(2): 321342.Google Scholar
Gerrard, R., Haberman, S., and Vigna, E. (2006) The management of decumulation risks in a defined contribution pension plan. North American Actuarial Journal, 10(1): 84110.Google Scholar
Geske, R. and Roll, R. (1983) The fiscal and monetary linkage between stock returns and inflation. Journal of Finance, 38(1): 133.Google Scholar
Gómez-Hernández, D. and Stewart, F. (2008) Comparison of costs and fees in countries with private defined contribution pension systems. Working Paper, No. 6, Paris: International Organisation of Pension Supervisors.Google Scholar
Haberman, S. and Vigna, E. (2002) Optimal investment strategies and risk measures in defined contribution pension schemes. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 31(1): 3569.Google Scholar
Han, N. and Hung, M. (2012) Optimal asset allocation for DC pension plans under inflation. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 51(1): 172181.Google Scholar
Hlawitschka, W. (1994) The empirical nature of Taylor-series approximations to expected utility. The American Economic Review, 3: 713719.Google Scholar
Holzmann, R., Mitchell, O., Orenstein, M. A., and Rutkowski, M. (2003) Pension Reform in Europe: Process and Progress. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.Google Scholar
Horneff, W. J., Maurer, R., Mitchell, O. S. and Dus, I. (2008) Following the rules: integrating asset allocation and annuitization in retirement portfolios. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 42(1): 396408.Google Scholar
James, E., Smalhout, J., and Vittas, D. (2001) Administrative charges for funded pensions: comparison and assessment of 13 countries. In Yermon, J. and Yunus, A. (eds), Private Pension Systems: Administrative Costs and Reforms. Paris: OECD, pp. 1783.Google Scholar
Kay, S. and Kritzer, B. (2001) Social security in Latin America: recent reforms and challenges. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review, 86(1): 4152.Google Scholar
Kelton, W. D. and Law, A. M. (2000) Simulation Modeling and Analysis. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Kritzer, B., Kay, S., and Sinha, T. (2011) Next generation of individual account pension reforms in Latin America. Social Security Bulletin, 71(1): 3576.Google Scholar
Loistl, O. (1976) The erroneous approximation of expected utility by means of a Taylor's series expansion: analytic and computational results. The American Economic Review, 66(5): 904910.Google Scholar
Marthans, J. and Stok, J. (2013) Una propuesta para reformar los sistemas privados de pensiones: el caso peruano. Documento de trabajo, Universidad de Piura.Google Scholar
Martínez, O. and Murcia, A. (2008) Sistema de comisiones de las Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones en Colombia. Reporte de Estabilidad Financiera, Banco de la República de Colombia.Google Scholar
Masías, L. and Sánchez, E. (2007) Competencia y reducción de comisiones en el sistema privado de pensiones: El caso peruano. Documento de Trabajo, DT/02/2006, Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (SBS).Google Scholar
McGillivray, W. (2001) Contribution evasion: implications for social security pension schemes. International Social Security Review, 54(4): 322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medina Giacomozzi, A., Gallegos Muñoz, C., Vivallo Ruz, C., Cea Reyes, Y., and Alarcón Torres, A. (2013) Efecto sobre la rentabilidad que tiene para el afiliado la comisión cobrada por las administradoras de fondos de pensiones. Journal of Economics Finance and Administrative Science, 18(34): 2433.Google Scholar
Mesa-Lago, C. (2006) Private and public pension systems compared: an evaluation of the Latin American experience. Review of Political Economy, 18(3): 317334.Google Scholar
Mincer, J. A. (1974) Schooling and earnings. In Mincer, J. A. (ed.), Schooling, experience, and earnings. Cambridge, MA: NBER, pp. 4163.Google Scholar
Murthi, M., Orszag, J. M. and Orszag, P. R. (2001) Administrative costs under a decentralized approach to individual accounts: lessons from the United Kingdom. In Holzmann, R. and Stiglitz, J. (eds), New Ideas about Old Age Security. Washington D.C.: The World Bank, pp. 308335.Google Scholar
Poterba, J. M., Rauh, J., Venti, S. F. and Wise, D. A. (2005) Utility evaluation of risk in retirement saving accounts. In Wise, D. A. (ed.), Analyses in the Economics of Aging. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 1358.Google Scholar
Queisser, M. (1998) Regulation and supervision of pension funds: principles and practices. International Social Security Review, 51(2): 3955.Google Scholar
SBS (2013) Anexo Técnico 1: Metodología aplicable a los cálculos del aplicativo de comparación de comisiones. Tech. Rept. República del Perú: Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP.Google Scholar
Shah, H. (1997) Towards better regulation of private pension funds. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 1791.Google Scholar
Siegmann, A. (2011) Minimum funding ratios for defined-benefit pension funds. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 10(3): 417434.Google Scholar
Sinha, T. (2000) Pension Reform in Latin America and its Lessons for International Policymakers, Volume 23. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinha, T. (2001) Analyzing management fees of pension funds: a case study of Mexico. Journal of Actuarial Practice, 9: 543.Google Scholar
Tapia, W. and Yermo, J. (2008) Fees in individual account pension systems: a cross-country comparison. OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions, No. 27, OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
Valdés-Prieto, S. (2008) A theory of contribution density and implications for pension design. Social Protection & Labor Discussion Paper, No. 0828, World Bank.Google Scholar
Vigna, E. (2014) On efficiency of mean-variance based portfolio selection in defined contribution pension schemes. Quantitative Finance, 14(2): 237258.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, E. (2001) Administrative charges for funded pensions: comparison and assessment of 13 countries. In Yermon, J. and Yunus, A. (eds), Private Pension Systems: Administrative Costs and Reforms. OECD, pp. 85154.Google Scholar
Yang, S. and Huang, H. (2009) The impact of longevity risk on the optimal contribution rate and asset allocation for defined contribution pension plans. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice, 34(4): 660681.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Chavez-Bedoya supplementary material

Online Appendix

Download Chavez-Bedoya supplementary material(File)
File 1.2 MB