Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-23T06:45:43.841Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Better pensions, better jobs: status and alternatives toward universal pension coverage in Latin America and the Caribbean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2015

ANGEL MELGUIZO*
Affiliation:
OECD, Paris, France
MARIANO BOSCH
Affiliation:
Inter American Development Bank, Washington DC, USA
CARMEN PAGES
Affiliation:
Inter American Development Bank, Washington DC, USA

Abstract

This article offers an overview of the current state of labor markets and pension coverage in a wide sample of Latin America and the Caribbean countries, and proposes a series of possible avenues toward universal coverage, not only as an instrument to fight poverty during old age, but also as part of an agenda for increasing formal employment and productivity growth. We conclude that despite perspectives of low economic growth and reduced fiscal space, the region is going through intense demographic and socio-economic changes, which increase the demand for better jobs and provide a real opportunity for initiating the bold reforms in pensions, labor, and taxes needed to achieve universal coverage.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acuña, R., Fuentes, R., Secada, P., Villagómez, A. and Villar, L. (2013) Contribución del sistema privado de pensiones al desarrollo económico de Latinoamérica. Experiencias de Colombia, México, Chile y Perú. Santiago de Chile: SURA Asset Management.Google Scholar
Andrade, A., Bruhn, M. and McKenzie, D. (2013) A helping hand or the long arm of the law? experimental evidence on what governments can do to formalize firms. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 6435.Google Scholar
Barr, N. and Diamond, P. (2006) The economics of pensions. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2(1): 1539.Google Scholar
Barreix, A., Bes, M. and Roca, J. (2010) El IVA personalizado. Aumentando la recaudación y compensando a los más pobres. (Mimeo.)Google Scholar
Barreix, A., Bes, M. and Roca, J. (2012) Resolviendo la trinidad imposible de los impuestos al consumo. El IVA personalizado. In Bárcena, A. and Serra, N. (eds), Reforma fiscal en América Latina: ¿qué fiscalidad para qué desarrollo? Barcelona: CEPAL and CIDOB, pp. 49–77.Google Scholar
Bosch, M. and Guajardo, J. (2012) Labor market impacts of non-contributory pensions: the case of Argentina's Moratorium. IDB Working Paper, 78–158.Google Scholar
Busso, M., Fazio, M. V. and Levy, S. (2012) (In)formal and (Un)productive: the productivity costs of excessive informality in Mexico. IDB Working Paper, 341.Google Scholar
Carvalho Filho, I. E. (2008) Old-age benefits and retirement decisions of rural elderly in Brazil. Journal of Development Economics, 86(1): 129146.Google Scholar
Celade (2011) Estimaciones y Proyecciones de Población a Largo Plazo 1950–2100. Revisión 2011. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL.Google Scholar
Clements, B., Coady, D., Eich, F., Gupta, S., Kangur, A., Shang, B. and Soto, M. (2012) The challenge of public pension reform in advanced and emerging market economies. IMF Occasional Papers, 275.Google Scholar
Daude, C. and Melguizo, A. (2010) Taxation and more representation? on fiscal policy, social mobility and democracy in Latin America. OECD Development Centre Working Paper, 294.Google Scholar
Djankov, S., La Porta, R., López-de-Silanes, F. and Shleifer, A. (2002) The regulation of entry. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(1): 137.Google Scholar
Ferreira, F. H. G., Messina, J., Rigolini, J., Lopez-Calva, L. F., Lugo, M. A. and Vakis, R. (2013) Economic Mobility and the Rise of the Latin American Middle Class. Washington, DC: The World Bank.Google Scholar
Galiani, S. and Gertler, P. (2009) ‘Informe Final sobre los Cambios del Programa 70 y Más’, Documento de discusión de Sedesol . Mexico City: Sedesol, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública.Google Scholar
Gill, I., Packard, T. and Yermo, J. (2005) Keeping the Promise of Old Age Income Security in Latin America. Washington, DC: World Bank and Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Hastings, J. S. and Mitchell, O. S. (2011) How financial literacy and impatience shape retirement wealth and investment behaviors. NBER Working Papers, 16740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hastings, J. S., Mitchell, O. S. and Chyn, E. T. (2010) Fees, framing, and financial literacy in the choice of pension manager. Pension Research Council Working Paper, 2010–09.Google Scholar
Heckman, J. J. and Pagés, C. (eds) (2008) Law and Employment: Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean. Chicago: The Chicago University Press, American Bar Foundation and IDB.Google Scholar
Hemming, R. (2013) The cyclical characteristics of Universal Social Insurance. IDB Working Paper Series IDB-WP-405.Google Scholar
Hinz, R., Holzmann, R., Takayama, N. and Tuesta, D. (eds) (2012) Matching Defined Contributions Schemes: Role and Limits to Increase Coverage in Low and Middle Income Countries. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
IDB (2008) Encuesta Longitudinal de Seguridad Social en Lima Metropolitana y México DF. Washington, DC: IDB.Google Scholar
Juárez, L. and Pfutze, T. (2012) The Effects of a Non-Contributory Pension Program on Labor Force Participation: The Case of 70 y Más in Mexico. Mimeo: Instituto Tecnológico de México.Google Scholar
Karlan, D., McConnell, M., Mullainathan, S. and Zinman, J. (2012) Getting to the top of mind: how reminders increase saving. NBER Working Papers, 16205.Google Scholar
Kugler, A. and Kugler, M. (2009) Labor market effects of payroll taxes in developing countries: evidence from Colombia. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 57(2): 335358.Google Scholar
Levy, S. (2008) Good Intentions, Bad Outcomes: Social Policy, Informality, and Economic Growth in Mexico. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Lindbeck, A. and Persson, M. (2003) The gains from pension reform. Journal of Economic Literature, XLI(1): 74112.Google Scholar
Loayza, N. and Rigolini, J. (2011) Informal employment: safety net or growth engine? World Development, 39(9): 15031515.Google Scholar
Loayza, N. V., Oviedo, A. M. and Servén, L. (2004) Regulation and macroeconomic performance. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 3469.Google Scholar
Lustig, N., Lopez-Calva, L. G. and Ortiz-Juarez, E. (2013) “Deconstructing the Decline in Inequality in Latin America,” Working Papers 1314, Tulane University, Department of Economics.Google Scholar
Madrian, B. C. (2013) Matching contributions and savings outcomes: a behavioral economics perspective. In Holzmann, R., Hinz, R., Takayama, N. and Tuesta, D. (eds), Matching Defined Contributions Schemes: Role and Limits to Increase Coverage in Low and Middle Income Countries. Washington, DC: World Bank, pp. 289309.Google Scholar
Melguizo, A., Muñoz, A., Tuesta, D. and Vial, J. (2009) Pension reform and fiscal policy: some lessons from Chile. In Franco, D. (ed.), Pension Reform, Fiscal Policy and Economic Performance. Rome: Banca d'Italia, pp. 709734.Google Scholar
OECD (2010) Latin American Economic Outlook 2011: How Middle-Class is Latin America? Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
OECD (2013) Pensions at a Glance 2013. OECD and G20 Indicators. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
OECD-ECLAC-CIAT-IDB (2015) Revenue Statistics in Latin America. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
OECD-IDB-WB (2014) Pensions at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Pages, C. (ed.) (2010) The Age of Productivity. Transforming Economies from the Bottom Up. New York: Inter-American Development Bank and Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Packard, T. (2001) Is there a positive incentive effect from privatizing social security? evidence from Latin America. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 01/17.Google Scholar
Pallares-Miralles, M., Romero, C. and Whitehouse, E. (2012) International patterns of pension provision II: a worldwide overview of facts and figures. World Bank Social Protection Discussion Paper, 1211.Google Scholar
Powell, A. (2013) Rethinking reforms: how Latin America and the Caribbean can escape suppressed world growth. Latin America and the Caribbean Macroeconomic Report. Washington, DC: IDB-Intal.Google Scholar
Ribe, H., Robalino, D. A. and Walker, I. (2010) From Right to Reality: Achieving Effective Social Protection for all in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: The World Bank.Google Scholar
Rodrigues de Oliveira, P. and Kassouf, A. L. (2012) Impact evaluation of the Brazilian non-contributory pension program Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) on family welfare. Partnership for Economic Policy Working Paper, 2012–12.Google Scholar
Rofman, R., Apella, I. and Vezza, E. (eds) (2013) Más Allá de las Pensiones Contributivas. Catorce Experiencias en America Latina. Buenos Aires: World Bank.Google Scholar
Universidad de Chile (2012) Evaluación de Impacto del Programa de Subsidio al Empleo Joven. Informe final corregido. Santiago de Chile: Centro de Microdatos.Google Scholar
World Bank (1994) Averting the Old Age Crisis. Policies to Protect the Old and to Promote Growth. Oxford: The World Bank and Oxford University Press.Google Scholar