Hostname: page-component-788cddb947-55tpx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-10-14T04:02:17.289Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New recumbent echinoderm genera from the Bois d'Arc Formation: Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of Coal County, Oklahoma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Ronald L. Parsley  and
Colin D. Sumrall
Ronald L. Parsley
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118,
Colin D. Sumrall
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-1410,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An echinoderm fauna from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) Cravatt Member of the Bois d'Arc Formation near Clarita, Oklahoma, has yielded specimens of recumbent, essentially bilaterally symmetrical taxa which are similar to Ordovician genera but absent or sparsely represented in Silurian strata. Claritacarpus smithi n. gen. and sp., is a dendrocystitid homoiostele with morphology similar to the Late Ordovician Dendrocystoides Jaekel, 1918; the anomalocystitid stylophoran Victoriacystis aff. holmesorum Ruta and Jell, 1999 shows strong affinities to Victoriacystis holmesorum Ruta and Jell, 1999, Humevale Formation, of Victoria, Australia; and the pleurocystitid rhombiferan, Turgidacystis graffhami n. gen. and sp., has close affinities to the Middle Ordovician Coopericystis Parsley, 1970 of West Virginia and Henicocystis Jell, 1983 of Victoria, Australia. Claritacarpus and Turgidacystis are North American range extensions for homoiosteles and pleurocystitids, respectively, being previously unknown from rocks younger than Upper Ordovician. Globally, Silurian homoiosteles and pleurocystitids are unknown although both occur in the Lower Devonian of Germany and Australia; additionally, Early Devonian pleurocystitids are known from Great Britain and Bohemia. These genera illustrate a pseudoextinction pattern suggesting a significant unsampled Silurian “homalozoan” and pleurocystitid history.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 81 , Issue 6 , November 2007 , pp. 1486 - 1493
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adrain, J. and Kloc, G. J. 1997. Lower Devonian aulacopleuroidean trilobites from Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology, 71:703–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amsden, T. W. 1958. Bois d'Arc articulate brachiopods, Pt. 5, of stratigraphy and paleoecology of the Hunton Group in the Arbuckle Mountains Region. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 82:110 p.Google Scholar
Amsden, T. W. 1960. Hunton stratigraphy, Pt. 4, of stratigraphy and paleoecology of the Hunton Group in the Arbuckle Mountains Region. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 84:311 p.Google Scholar
Amsden, T. W. 1962. Silurian and Early Devonian carbonate rocks of Oklahoma. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 46:1502–1519.Google Scholar
Amsden, T. W. 1988. Late Ordovician through Early Devonian annotated correlation chart and brachiopod range charts for the southern mid-continent region, U. S. A., part one. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 143:53 p.Google Scholar
Amsden, T. W. and Boucot, A. J. 1958. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Hunton Group in the Arbuckle Mountain region. Oklakoma Geological Survey Bulletin, 78:199 p.Google Scholar
Amsden, T. W. and Ventress, W. P. S. 1963. Supplement to the Haragan (Devonian) brachiopods, Pt. 3, Early Devonian brachiopods of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 94:238 p.Google Scholar
Arendt, Y. A. 1983. About some echinoderms. Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Naturalists, Geology, 58(4):135–136.Google Scholar
Barrande, J. 1887. Systême Silurien du Centre de la Bohême: Classe des Echinodermes, I, Ordre des Cystidées. 7. Leipzig, 233 p.Google Scholar
Barrick, J. E. and Klapper, G. 1992. Late Silurian—Early Devonian conodonts from the Hunton Group (Upper Henryhouse, Haragan, and Bois d'Arc formations) south-central Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin, 145:19–57.Google Scholar
Bassler, R. S. 1938. Pelmatozoa Palaeozoica, p. 199. In Quenstedt, W. (ed.), Fossilium Catalogus Animalia, Vol. 83, Pt. 1.Google Scholar
Bather, F. A. 1899. A phylogenetic classification of the Pelmatozoa. British Association for the Advancement of Science Report, 68th Meeting, section D (Bristol, 1898), p. 916–923.Google Scholar
Bell, B. M. 1976. A study of North American Edrioasteroidea. New York State Museum Memoir, 21:446 p.Google Scholar
Billings, E. K. 1854. On some new genera and species of Cystidea from the Trenton Limestone. The Canadian Journal, 2:250–253.Google Scholar
Billings, E. K. 1859. Crinoidea of the Lower Silurian rocks of Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Canadian Organic Remains, decade 3:72 p.Google Scholar
Bodenbender, B. E. and Fisher, D. C. 2001. Stratocladistic analysis of blastoid phylogeny. Journal of Paleontology, 75:351–369.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boucot, A. J. 1981. Principles of Benthic Paleoecology. Academic Press, New York, 463 p.Google Scholar
Brett, C. E., Moffat, H. A., and Taylor, W. L. 1997. Echinoderm taphonomy, taphofacies, and lagerstätten, p. 147–190. In Waters, J. A. and Maples, C. G. (eds.), Geobiology of Echinoderms. Paleontological Society Papers, 3.Google Scholar
Broadhead, T. W. and Strimple, H. L. 1975. Respiration in a vagrant Ordovician cystoid, Amecystis. Paleobiology, 1:312–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brower, J. C. 1999. A new pleurocystitid rhombiferan echinoderm from the Middle Ordovician Galena Group of northern Iowa and southern Minnesota. Journal of Paleontology, 73:129–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, K. S. W. 1977. Trilobites of the Haragan, Bois d'Arc and Frisco formations (Early Devonian), Arbuckle Mountain Region, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 123:277 p.Google Scholar
Caster, K. E. 1952. Concerning Enoploura of the Upper Ordovician and its relation to other carpoid Echinodermata. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 34:5–56.Google Scholar
Caster, K. E. 1968. Homoiostelea, p. S581–S627. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. S, Echinodermata 1(2). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Daley, P. E. J. 1992. The anatomy of the solute Girvanicystis batheri (?Chordata) from the Upper Ordovician of Scotland and a new species of Girvanicystis from the Upper Ordovician of South Wales. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 105:353–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dehm, R. 1932. Cystoideen aus dem rheinischen Unterdevon. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie und Paläontologie Beilage, 69:63–93.Google Scholar
Dehm, R. 1934. Untersuchungen an Cystoideen des rheinischen Unterdevons. Beiträge, Akademie Wissenschaft München, Math-Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung für 1934, p. 19–43.Google Scholar
Frest, T. J., Brett, C. E., and Witzke, B. J. 1999. Caradocian—Gedinnian echinoderm associations of the central and eastern North America, p. 638–783. In Boucot, A. J. and Lawson, J. D. (eds.), Paleocommunity Analysis: A Silurian-Lower Devonian Example. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Gill, E. D. and Caster, K. E. 1960. Carpoid echinoderms from the Silurian and Devonian of Australia. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 41:7–71.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1852. The Paleontology of New York II, Descriptions of the organic remains of the Lower Middle Division of the New York System. Natural history of New York, Palaeontology, 2:352 p.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1858. Crinoids of New York. American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 2, 25:277–279.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1859. Descriptions and figures of the organic remains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany Sandstone. New York Geological Survey, Volume 3, 532 p.Google Scholar
Haugh, B. N. and Bell, B. M. 1980. Fossilized viscera in primitive echinoderms. Science, 209:653–657.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaekel, O. 1899. Stammesgeschichte der Pelmatozoen. Band 1, Thecoidea und Cystoidea. J. Springer, Berlin, 442 p.Google Scholar
Jaekel, O. 1901. Über Carpoideen, eine neue Classe von Pelmatozoen. Deutsche Geologisiche Gesellschaft, 52: 4:661–677.Google Scholar
Jaekel, O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Päleontologische Zeitschrift, Volume 3, 128 p.Google Scholar
Jefferies, R. P. S. and Lewis, D. N. 1978. The English Silurian fossil Placocystites forbesianus and the ancestry of the vertebrates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 282:205–323.Google Scholar
Jell, P. A. 1983. Early Devonian echinoderms from Victoria (Rhombifera, Blastoidea and Ophiocistioidea). Association of Australasian Palaeontologists Memoir, 1:209–235.Google Scholar
Kesling, R. V. and Mintz, L. W. 1961. Notes on Lepadocystis moorei (Meek) an Upper Ordovician callocystitid cystoid. University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology Contributions, 17(4): 123–148.Google Scholar
Koch, D. L. and Strimple, H. L. 1968. A new Upper Devonian cystoid attached to a discontinuity surface. Iowa Geological Survey, Report of Investigations 5:49 p.Google Scholar
Kolata, D. R. 1973. Scalenocystites strimplei, a new belemnocystitid from Minnesota. Journal of Paleontology, 47:969–974.Google Scholar
Kolata, D. R., Frest, T. J., and Mapes, R. H. 1991. The youngest carpoid: Occurrence, affinities, and life mode of a Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) mitrate from Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology, 65:844–855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolata, D. R., Strimple, H. L., and Levorson, C. O. 1977. Revision of the carpoid family Iowacystidae. Palaeontology, 20:529–557.Google Scholar
Lamarck, J. B. P. A de M. de. 1816. Historie Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres. Volume 2, Author, Paris. 568 p.Google Scholar
Lundin, R. F. 1968. Ostracodes of the Haragan Formation (Devonian) in Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 116. 121p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. and Gurley, W. F. E. 1895. Descriptions of new species of Palaeozoic Echinodermata. Illinois State Museum of Natural History Bulletin 6, 62 p.Google Scholar
Neumayr, M. 1889. Die Stäme des Tierreiches. Wirbellose Tiere, Tempsky, 1, Vienna, 603 p.Google Scholar
Parsley, R. L. 1970. Revision of the North American Pleurocystitidae (Rhombifera—Cystoidea). Bulletins of American Paleontology, 58(260):135–213.Google Scholar
Parsley, R. L. 1980. Homalozoa, p. 106–117. In Broadhead, T. W. and Waters, J. A. (eds.), Echinoderms: Notes for a Short Course. University of Tennessee Department of Geological Sciences, Studies in Geology, Volume 3.Google Scholar
Parsley, R. L. 1988. Feeding and respiratory strategies in stylophora, p. 341–361. In Paul, C. R. C. and Smith, A. B. (eds.), Echinoderm Phylogeny and Evolutionary Biology. Oxford Science Publications and Liverpool Geological Society, Oxford.Google Scholar
Parsley, R. L. 1991. Review of selected North American mitrate stylophorans (Homalozoa: Echinodermata). Bulletins of American Paleontology, 100, 57 p.Google Scholar
Parsley, R. L. 1997. The echinoderm classes Stylophora and Homoiostelea: Non Calcichordata, p. 225–248. In Waters, J. A. and Maples, C. G. (eds.), Geobiology of echinoderms. Paleontological Society Papers, 3.Google Scholar
Parsley, R. L. 1998. Taxonomic revisions of the Stylophora, p. 111–117. In Mooi, R. and Telford, M. (eds.), Echinoderms: San Francisco. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Parsley, R. L. 1999. The Cincta (Homostelea) as blastozoans. p. 369–375In Candia Carnevali, M. D. C. and Bonasoro, F. (eds.), Echinoderm Research 1998. Balkema Press, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Parsley, R. L. and Caster, K. E. 1975. Zoological affinities and functional morphology of the Mitrata (Echinodermata). Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program, 7:1225–1226.Google Scholar
Paul, C. R. C. 1967. The British Silurian cystoids. Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History. Geology Series, 13(6):299–355.Google Scholar
Paul, C. R. C. 1974. Regulaecystis devonica, a new Devonian pleurocystitid cystoid from Devon. Geological Magazine, 111:349–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paul, C. R. C. 1984. British Ordovician cystoids, Pt. 2, Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society of London, 136:65–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prokop, R. J. and Petr, V. 2004. Pleurocystitidae indt. (Cystoidea, Rhombifera) in the Bohemian Devonian (Czech Republic). Časopis Národního muzea, Řada přirodovědná [Journal of the National Museum, Natural History Series], 173:1–5.Google Scholar
Regnéll, G. 1966. Edrioasteroids, p. U135–U173. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. U, Echinodermata 3(1). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Rozhnov, S. V. and Jefferies, R. P. S. 1996. A new stem-chordate solute from the Middle Ordovician of Estonia. Geobios, 29:91–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruta, M. and Bartels, C. 1998. A redescription of the anomalocystitid mitrate Rhenocystis latipedunculata from the Lower Devonian of Germany. Palaeontology, 41:771–804.Google Scholar
Ruta, M. and Jell, P. A. 1999a. Two new anomalocystitid mitrates from the Lower Devonian Humevale Formation of Central Victoria. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43:399–422.Google Scholar
Ruta, M. and Jell, P. A. 1999b. A note on Victoriacystis wilkinsi (Anomalocystitida: Mitrata) from the Upper Silurian of Victoria. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43:423–430.Google Scholar
Ruta, M. and Jell, P. A. 1999c. Revision of Silurian and Devonian Allanicystitidiidae (Anomalocystitida: Mitrata) from southeastern Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43:431–439.Google Scholar
Schuchert, C. 1904. On Siluric and Devonic Cystidea and Camarocrinus. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 47(2):201–272.Google Scholar
Smith, A. B. 1994. Systematics and the Fossil Record: Documenting Evolutionary Patterns. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, 223 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sprinkle, J. 1973. Morphology and evolution of blastozoan echinoderms. Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology Special Publication, 283 p.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1979. Macroevolution: Pattern and Process. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 332 p.Google Scholar
Strimple, H. L. 1953. A new carpoid from Oklahoma. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 43:105–106.Google Scholar
Strimple, H. L. 1963. Crinoids of the Hunton Group. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 100, 169 p.Google Scholar
Sumrall, C. D. and Bowsher, A. L. 1996. Giganticlavus, a new genus of Pennsylvanian edrioasteroid from North America. Journal of Paleontology, 70:986–993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumrall, C. D. and Carlson, D. T. 2000. Suture modification by pectinirhomb growth in Lepadocystis decorus, a new species of callocystitid glyptocystitid rhombiferan (Echinodermata) from Illinois. Journal of Paleontology, 74:487–491.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumrall, C. D. and Sprinkle, J. 1995. Plating and pectinirhombs of the Ordovician rhombiferan Plethoschisma. Journal of Paleontology, 69:772–778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumrall, C. D., Garbisch, J., and Pope, J. P. 2000. The systematics of postibullinid edrioasteroids. Journal of Paleontology, 74:72–83.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swofford, D. L. 2002. PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis using Parsimony* and Other Methods, Version 4.0b 10. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. O. and Ladd, H. S. 1926. Additional cystoids and crinoids from the Maquoketa Shale of Iowa. University of Iowa Studies in Natural History, 11:2–18.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1968. Stylophora, p. S495–S565. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. S, Echinodermata 1(2). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G. and Caster, K. E. 1968. Minervaecystidae, p. S606–S607. In Caster, K. E., Homoiostelea, p. S581-S627. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. S, Echinodermata 1(2). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Withers, R. B. 1933. A new genus of fossil king-crabs. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 45:18–22.Google Scholar
Zenker, J. C. 1833. Organische Reste (Petrefacten) aus der Altenburger Braunkolen-Formation, dem Blankerburger Quaderstanstein, Jenaischen Bunten Sandstein und Böhmischen Übergangsgebirge. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Urwelt. Friedrich Mauke, Jena, 67 p.Google Scholar
Zittel, K. A. V. 1879. Protozoa, Coelenterata, Echinodermata, und Molluscoidea: Handbuch der Paläontologie, Paläontologie, 1: 1, R. Oldenbourg, München, viii, 765 p.Google Scholar