Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T03:42:22.541Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Morphologic variation within and among populations of the camerate crinoid Agaricocrinus (Lower Mississippian, Kentucky and Tennessee): Breaking the spell of the mushroom

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

David L. Meyer  and
William I. Ausich
David L. Meyer
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
William I. Ausich
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Morphologic variation within and among populations of the common monobathrid camerate crinoid Agaricocrinus was investigated using multivariate and bivariate techniques for samples from 15 localities in the Lower Mississippian (late Osagean) Fort Payne Formation of south-central Kentucky and north-central Tennessee. Despite a wide range of variability, two morphotypes were distinguished at most localities in both autochthonous and allochthonous carbonate facies: Agaricocrinus americanus and the less common A. crassus. Morphologic characters that can be reliably used to separate these taxa include character of the anal area, width of the second primibrachial, and shape of the arm facets. Many other characters of calyx shape and plate proportions used previously for species recognition, such as depth of the basal concavity, height of the interbrachials, height of the tegmen, and number of arms, are widely variable within populations. Variation within species populations is ontogenetic, although a geographic component is recognized within A. crassus. The definition of A. crassus is emended to encompass a broader range of variation than heretofore realized. Eight species previously reported from the Fort Payne Formation are placed in synonymy: A. arcula, A. dissimilis, A. elegans, A. podagricus, A. ponderosus, A. profundus, and A. tugurium are junior synonyms of A. americanus. A. attenuata is a junior synonym of A. crassus.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 71 , Issue 5 , September 1997 , pp. 896 - 917
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ausich, W. I. 1983. Component concept for the study of paleocommunities with an example from the Early Carboniferous of southern Indiana. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 44:251–282.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Kammer, T. W. 1989. Teratological specimen of Agaricocrinus americanus (Roemer) (Lower Mississippian, Crinoidea). Journal of Paleontology, 63:945–946.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G. 1980. Platform communities and rocks of the Borden Siltstone delta (Mississippian) along the south shore of Monroe Reservoir, Monroe County, Indiana, p. 36–67. In: Shaver, R. H. (ed.), Field Trips 1980 from the Indiana University Campus, Bloomington. Indiana University, Bloomington.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G. 1985. Crinoid assemblages and geographic endemism in the Lower Mississippian (Carboniferous) of the United States continental interior, p. 216–224. In: Dutro, J. T. and Pfefferkorn, H. W. (eds.), Compte Rendu, Neuvième Congrès International de Stratigraphie et Géologie du Carbonifère, Vol. 5, Paleontology/Paleoecology/Paleogeography.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Meyer, D. L. 1988. Blastoids from the Late Osagean Fort Payne Formation (Kentucky and Tennessee). Journal of Paleontology, 62:269–283.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Meyer, D. L. 1990. Origin and composition of carbonate buildups and associated facies in the Fort Payne Formation (Lower Mississippian, south-central Kentucky): an integrated sedimentologic and paleoecologic analysis. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102:129–146.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Meyer, D. L. 1992. Crinoidea Flexibilia (Echinodermata) from the Fort Payne Formation (Lower Mississippian; Kentucky and Tennessee). Journal of Paleontology, 66:825–838.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Meyer, D. L. 1994. Hybrid crinoids in the fossil record (Early Mississippian, Phylum Echinodermata). Paleobiology, 20:362–367.Google Scholar
Bassler, R. S., and Moodey, M. W. 1943. Bibliographic and faunal index of Paleozoic pelmatozoan echinoderms. Geological Society of America Special Paper 45, 734 p.Google Scholar
Bather, F. A. 1899. A phylogenetic classification of the Pelmatozoa. British Association for the Advancement of Science, Report 1898:916–923.Google Scholar
Ehlers, G. M., and Kesling, R. V. 1963. Two new crinoids from Lower Mississippian rocks in southeastern Kentucky. Journal of Paleontology, 37:1028–1041.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1858. Paleontology of Iowa. Iowa Geological Survey, p. 473–724.Google Scholar
Haugh, B. N. 1975. Digestive and coelomic systems of Mississippian camerate crinoids. Journal of Paleontology, 49:472–493.Google Scholar
Kachigan, S. K. 1982. Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Radius Press, New York, 297 p.Google Scholar
Kammer, T. W., Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G. 1983. Paleontology and stratigraphy of the Borden delta of southern Indiana and northern Kentucky, p. 37–71. In: Shaver, R. H. and Sunderman, J. A. (eds.), Field Trips in Midwestern Geology. Indiana University, Bloomington.Google Scholar
Keyes, C. R. 1894. Paleontology of Missouri, Part 1. Missouri Geological Survey, p. 143–225.Google Scholar
Klem, M. 1900. The development of Agaricocrinus. St. Louis Academy of Sciences Transactions, 10:167–184.Google Scholar
Lane, N. G. 1963. Meristic variation in the dorsal cup of monobathrid camerate crinoids. Journal of Paleontology, 37:917–930.Google Scholar
Lane, N. G. 1984. Predation and survival among inadunate crinoids. Paleobiology, 10:453–458.Google Scholar
Lane, N. G., and Sevastopulo, G. D. 1987. Stratigraphic distribution of Mississippian camerate crinoid genera from North America and western Europe. Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg, 98:199–206.Google Scholar
Laudon, L. R. 1973. Stratigraphic crinoid zonation in Iowa Mississippian rocks. Iowa Academy of Sciences Proceedings, 80:25–33.Google Scholar
Lawrence, J. 1987. A Functional Biology of Echinoderms. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 340 p.Google Scholar
Lyon, S. S., and Casseday, S. A. 1860. Description of nine new species of Crinoidea from the Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana and Kentucky. American Journal of Science Arts, Series 2, 29:68–79.Google Scholar
Meyer, D. L., Ausich, W. I., and Terry, R. E. 1989. Comparative taphonomy of echinoderms in carbonate facies: Fort Payne Formation (Lower Mississippian) of Kentucky and Tennessee. Palaios, 4:533–552.Google Scholar
Meyer, D. L., Ausich, W. I., Bohl, D. T., Norris, W. A., and Potter, P. E. 1995. Carbonate mud-mounds in the Fort Payne Formation (lower Carboniferous), Cumberland Saddle region, Kentucky and Tennessee, USA, p. 273–287. In: Monty, C. L. V., Bosence, D. W. J., Bridges, P. H. and Pratt, B. R. (eds.), Carbonate Mud-Mounds. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 537 p.Google Scholar
Miller, J. S. 1821. A Natural History of the Crinoidea or Lily-Shaped Animals, with Observations on the genera Asteria, Euryale, Comatula, and Marsupites. Bryan and Company, Bristol, England, 150 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1889. North American Geology and Paleontology. Cincinnati, 664 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1891. Palaeontology. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural History, Annual Report 17, Advanced Sheets, 1–103.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1897. North American Geology and Paleontology, second appendix. Cincinnati, p. 719–793.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W. F. E. 1895. Description of new species of Paleozoic Echinodermata. Illinois State Museum of Natural History, Bulletin, 62 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., and Laudon, L. R. 1943. Evolution and classification of Paleozoic crinoids. Geological Society of America Special Paper 46, 167 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., and Teichert, C. (eds.). 1978. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. T, Echinodermata 2. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 1027 p.Google Scholar
Pryor, W. A., and Sable, E. G. 1974. Carboniferous of the Eastern Interior Basin, p. 281–313. In: Briggs, G. (ed.), Carboniferous of the southeastern United States. Geological Society of America Special Paper 148, 361 p.Google Scholar
Reyment, R. A. 1991. Multidimensional Palaeobiology. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 377 p.Google Scholar
Roemer, F. 1852–54. II. Erste Periode, Kohlen-Gebirge, p. 1–788. In: Bronn's Lethaea Geognostica.Google Scholar
SAS. 1990. SAS/STAT® User's Guide, Version 6. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.Google Scholar
Smith, A. B. 1994. Systematics and the Fossil Record. Blackwell Scientific, London, 223 p.Google Scholar
Troost, G. 1849. Communication; A list of fossil crinoids of Tennessee. American Journal of Science Arts, Series 2, 8:419–420. Republished with additions, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Proceedings, 2:59-64, 1850.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1978. Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids, p. T58–T216. In: Moore, R. C. and Teichert, C. (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Van Sant, J. F. 1964. Crawfordsville crinoids, p. 34–136. In: Van Sant, J. F. and Lane, N. G. (ed.), Crawfordsville (Indiana) Crinoid Studies. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Article 7.Google Scholar
Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F. 1885. Revision of the Palaeocrinoidea. Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Proceedings for 1885:225–364.Google Scholar
Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F. 1897. The North American Crinoidea Camerata. Harvard College, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, 897 p.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1973. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids 1942-1968. Geological Society of America Memoir 137, 341 p.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1977. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids 1969-73. Geological Society of America Microform Publication 8, 235 p.Google Scholar
Weller, S. 1898. A bibliographic index of North American Carboniferous invertebrates. U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 154, 653 p.Google Scholar
Wetherby, A. G. 1881. Descriptions of new fossils from the Lower Silurian and Subcarboniferous rocks of Kentucky. Cincinnati Natural History Society Journal, 4:177–179.Google Scholar
White, C. A. 1882. Fossils of the Indiana rocks (No. 2). Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Annual Report 11:347–401.Google Scholar
Wilson, C. W. Jr. 1948. The geology of Nashville, Tennessee. Tennessee Division of Geology, Bulletin, 179 p.Google Scholar
Wood, E. 1909. A critical summary of Troost's unpublished manuscript on the crinoids of Tennessee. U.S. National Museum, Bulletin 64, 150 p.Google Scholar