Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ndmmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-01T08:34:58.663Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Uncertainty and Uncoordination of Mariners' Behaviour in Collision Avoidance at Sea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 October 2009

J. Zhao
Affiliation:
(Department of Ship Science, University of Southampton)
W. G. Price
Affiliation:
(Department of Ship Science, University of Southampton)
P. A. Wilson
Affiliation:
(Department of Ship Science, University of Southampton)
M. Tan
Affiliation:
(Department of Ship Science, University of Southampton)

Abstract

It is well known that many collisions occur because one ship turns right whilst the other turns left when in close proximity to one another. Little is known as to why this occurs and, although some simulation models have been established using entropy theory, the problem remains unsolved.

In this paper, an assessment model for uncertainty is reviewed briefly. The concepts of uncertainty and uncoordination of mariners' behaviour in collision avoidance are discussed. A simulation model in conjunction with a DCPA (distance to the closest point of approach) decision-making model using fuzzy programming is introduced to discuss coordination.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Cahill, R. A. (1983). Collisions and Their Causes. Fairplay Publishers Ltd.Google Scholar
2Corbet, A. G. (1986). What's a nearly end-on meeting vessel? (2). Seaways, Dec, pp. 59.Google Scholar
3Habberley, J. S., Poole, T. E. and Taylor, D. H. (1989). Collision Avoidance Behaviour: A Simulator Study. College of Maritime Studies, Southampton Institute of Higher Education, Warsash.Google Scholar
4James, M. K. (1986). Modelling the decision process in computer simulation of ship navigation. This Journal, 39, 32.Google Scholar
5James, M. K. (1994). The timing of collision avoidance manoeuvres: descriptive mathematical models. This Journal, 47, 259272.Google Scholar
6Jones, K. D. (1976). Automatic plotting radars. This Journal, 29, 322.Google Scholar
7Kemp, J. F. (1973). Behaviour patterns in encounters between ships. This Journal, 26, 417.Google Scholar
8Riek, J. R. (1978). Collision avoidance behaviour and uncertainty. This Journal, 31, 8292.Google Scholar
9Sea Star, The [1976]1 Lloyd's Rep. 120; 2 Lloyd's Rep. 477.Google Scholar
10Taylor, D. H. (1990). Uncertainty in collision avoidance manoeuvring. This Journal, 43, 238245.Google Scholar
11Wang, X. (1987). Study of Automatic Radar Collision Avoidance System and the Programme Design. M.Sc Dissertation, Dalian Maritime University.Google Scholar
12Zhao, J., Wang, F. and Zou, K. (1988). The calculating model of critical CPA in uncoordinated action (in Chinese). The Journal of Dalian Maritime University, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 42.Google Scholar
13Zhao, J. and Wang, F. (1989). Strategic DCPA analog model for turning avoidance in fog (in Chinese). Chinese Navigation, no. 1.Google Scholar
14Zhao, J., Wang, F. and Zou, K. (1989). The turning avoidance manoeuvring decision simulating model of crossing encounter situation (in Chinese). The Journal of Fuzzy Systems and Mathematics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 69.Google Scholar
15Zhao, J. and Wang, F. (1991). Simulation model of DCPA decision making. Proc. of the 7th IAIN Congress, Cairo, Oct.Google Scholar
16Zhao, J., Wu, Z. and Wang, F. (1993). Comments on ship domain. This Journal, 46, 422437.Google Scholar
17Zhao, J., Grime, R. P., Price, W. G. and Wilson, P. A. (1994). Study of the reciprocal meeting situation. To be published.Google Scholar
18Zhao, J., Price, W. G., Wilson, P. A., Wu, Z. and Wang, F. (1994). A statistical study of mariners' behaviour of collision avoidance at sea. To be published.Google Scholar
19Zhao, J., Tan, M., Price, W. G. and Wilson, P. A. (1994). DCPA simulation model for automatic collision avoidance decision making systems using fuzzy sets. Proc. of the IEEE Oceans '94, vol. 2, pp. 244249. Sept., Brest, France.Google Scholar