Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-r7xzm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T19:40:00.577Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Influencing Factors of GNSS Differential Inter-System Bias and Performance Assessment of Tightly Combined GPS, Galileo, and QZSS Relative Positioning for Short Baseline

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2018

Mingkui Wu
Affiliation:
(Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China)
Xiaohong Zhang
Affiliation:
(School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China) (Collaborative Innovation Centre for Geospatial Technology, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China) (Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China)
Wanke Liu*
Affiliation:
(School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China) (Collaborative Innovation Centre for Geospatial Technology, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China) (Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China)
Renpan Wu
Affiliation:
(School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China)
Renlan Zhang
Affiliation:
(Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China)
Yuan Le
Affiliation:
(Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China)
Yuexia Wu
Affiliation:
(Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China)

Abstract

This paper first investigates the influencing factors of between-receiver Differential Inter-System Bias (DISB) between overlapping frequencies of the Global Positioning System (GPS), Galileo and the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS). It was found that the receiver reboot and the type of observations may have an impact on DISBs. The impact of receiver firmware upgrades and the activation of anti-multipath filters are also investigated and some new results are presented. Then a performance evaluation is presented of tightly combined relative positioning for a short baseline with GPS/Galileo/QZSS L1-E1-L1/L5-E5a-L5 observations with the current constellations, in which the recently launched Galileo and QZSS satellites will also be included. It is demonstrated that when DISBs are a priori calibrated and corrected, the tightly combined model can deliver a much higher empirical ambiguity resolution success rate and positioning accuracy with respect to the classical loosely combined model, especially under environments where the observed satellites for each system are limited and only single-frequency observations are available. The ambiguity dilution of precision, bootstrapping success rate, and ratio values are analysed to illustrate the benefits of the tightly combined model as well.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Deng, C., Tang, W., Liu, J. and Shi, C. (2014). Reliable single-epoch ambiguity resolution for short baselines using combined GPS/BeiDou system. GPS Solutions, 18, 375386.10.1007/s10291-013-0337-5Google Scholar
Deprez, C. and Warnant, R. (2016a). Multi-GNSS relative positioning with Galileo, BeiDou and GPS. Proceedings of NAVITEC 2016. Noordwijk, Netherlands.Google Scholar
Deprez, C. and Warnant, R. (2016b). Combining multi-GNSS for precise positioning. Proceedings of NAVITEC 2016. Noordwijk, Netherlands.Google Scholar
Euler, H.J. and Goad, C.C. (1991). On optimal filtering of GPS dual frequency observations without using orbit information. Bulletin Geodesique, 65, 130143.10.1007/BF00806368Google Scholar
Euler, H.J. and Schaffrin, B. (1991). On a measure for the discernibility between different ambiguity solutions in the static-kinematic GPS-mode. Proceedings of Kinematic systems in geodesy, surveying, and remote sensing, 285–295. Springer, New York, NY.10.1007/978-1-4612-3102-8_26Google Scholar
Gao, W., Meng, X., Gao, C., Pan, S., and Wang, D. (2018). Combined GPS and BDS for single-frequency continuous RTK positioning through real-time estimation of differential inter-system biases. GPS Solutions, 22, 20.10.1007/s10291-017-0687-5Google Scholar
GPS.gov. (2018). Constellation Arrangement. http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/space/. Accessed 20 June 2018.Google Scholar
He, H., Li, J., Yang, Y., Xu, J., Guo, H. and Wang, A. (2014). Performance assessment of single-and dual-frequency BeiDou/GPS single-epoch kinematic positioning. GPS Solutions, 18, 393403.10.1007/s10291-013-0339-3Google Scholar
Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H. and Wasle, E. (2007). GNSS-global navigation satellite systems: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and more. Springer Science & Business Media, 2007.Google Scholar
Ji, S., Chen, W., Ding, X., Chen, Y., Zhao, C. and Hu, C. (2010). Potential benefits of GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO integration in an urban canyon-Hong Kong. The Journal of Navigation, 63, 681693.10.1017/S0373463310000081Google Scholar
Kubo, N., Tokura, H. and Pullen, S. (2018). Mixed GPS-BeiDou RTK with inter-systems bias estimation aided by CSAC. GPS Solutions, 22, 5.10.1007/s10291-017-0670-1Google Scholar
Li, G., Geng, J., Guo, J., Zhou, S. and Lin, S. (2018). GPS+ Galileo tightly combined RTK positioning for medium-to-long baselines based on partial ambiguity resolution. Journal of Global Positioning System, 16, 3.10.1186/s41445-018-0011-xGoogle Scholar
Li, X., Ge, M., Dai, X., Fritsche, M., Wickert, J. and Schuh, H. (2015). Accuracy and reliability of multi-GNSS real-time precise positioning: GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, and Galileo. Journal of Geodesy, 89, 607635.10.1007/s00190-015-0802-8Google Scholar
Liu, H., Shu, B., Xu, L., Qian, C., Zhang, R. and Zhang, M. (2017). Accounting for Inter-System Bias in DGNSS Positioning with GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo. The Journal of Navigation, 70, 686698.10.1017/S0373463316000825Google Scholar
Melgard, T., Tegedor, J., de Jong, K., Lapucha, D. and Lachapelle, G. (2013). Interchangeable integration of GPS and Galileo by using a common system clock in PPP. Proceedings of ION GNSS 2013, 11981206. Nashville TN, U.S.Google Scholar
MGEX.IGS. (2018a). GNSS constellations: Galileo. http://mgex.igs.org/IGS_MGEX_Status_Galileo.php. Accessed 20 June 2018.Google Scholar
MGEX.IGS. (2018b). GNSS constellations: QZSS. http://mgex.igs.org/IGS_MGEX_Status_QZSS.php. Accessed 20 June 2018.Google Scholar
Montenbruck, O., Hauschild, A. and Hessels, U. (2011). Characterization of GPS/GIOVE sensor stations in the CONGO network. GPS Solutions, 15, 193205.10.1007/s10291-010-0182-8Google Scholar
Nadarajah, N. and Teunissen, P.J.G. (2014). Instantaneous GPS/Galileo/QZSS/SBAS Attitude Determination: A Single-Frequency (L1/E1) Robustness Analysis under Constrained Environments. Navigation, 61, 6575.10.1002/navi.51Google Scholar
Odijk, D. and Teunissen, P.J.G. (2013a). Characterization of between-receiver GPS-Galileo inter-system biases and their effect on mixed ambiguity resolution. GPS Solutions, 17, 521533.10.1007/s10291-012-0298-0Google Scholar
Odijk, D. and Teunissen, P.J.G. (2013b). Estimation of differential inter-system biases between the overlapping frequencies of GPS, Galileo, BeiDou and QZSS. Proceedings of 4th International colloquium scientific and fundamental aspects of the Galileo programme, 4–6. Prague, Czech Republic.Google Scholar
Odijk, D., Nadarajah, N., Zaminpardaz, S. and Teunissen, P.J.G. (2017). GPS, Galileo, QZSS and IRNSS differential ISBs: estimation and application. GPS Solutions, 21, 439450.10.1007/s10291-016-0536-yGoogle Scholar
Odolinski, R., Teunissen, P.J.G. and Odijk, D. (2014a). First combined COMPASS/BeiDou-2 and GPS positioning results in Australia. Part II: Single-and multiple-frequency single-baseline RTK positioning. Journal of Spatial Science, 59, 324.10.1080/14498596.2013.840865Google Scholar
Odolinski, R., Teunissen, P.J.G. and Odijk, D. (2014b). Combined GPS+ BDS+ Galileo+ QZSS for long baseline RTK positioning. Proceedings of 27th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, ION GNSS 2014 (Vol. 3, pp. 2326–2340). Tampa, Florida.Google Scholar
Odolinski, R., Teunissen, P.J.G. and Odijk, D. (2015). Combined BDS, Galileo, QZSS and GPS single-frequency RTK. GPS Solutions, 19, 151163.10.1007/s10291-014-0376-6Google Scholar
Paziewski, J. and Wielgosz, P. (2014). Assessment of GPS + Galileo and multi-frequency Galileo single-epoch precise positioning with network corrections. GPS Solutions, 18, 571579.10.1007/s10291-013-0355-3Google Scholar
Paziewski, J. and Wielgosz, P. (2015). Accounting for Galileo–GPS inter-system biases in precise satellite positioning. Journal of Geodesy, 89, 8193.10.1007/s00190-014-0763-3Google Scholar
Paziewski, J. and Wielgosz, P. (2017). Investigation of some selected strategies for multi-GNSS instantaneous RTK positioning. Advances in Space Research, 59, 1223.10.1016/j.asr.2016.08.034Google Scholar
Quan, Y., Lau, L., Roberts, G. and Meng, X. (2016). Measurement Signal Quality Assessment on All Available and New Signals of Multi-GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BDS, and QZSS) with Real Data. The Journal of Navigation, 69, 313334.10.1017/S0373463315000624Google Scholar
RINEX 3.02. (2012). The Receiver Independent Exchange Format Version 3.02, International GNSS Service (IGS), RINEX Working Group and Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services Special Committee 104 (RTCM-SC104), December 10, 2012.Google Scholar
Teunissen, P.J.G. and Verhagen, S. (2009). The GNSS ambiguity ratio-test revisited: a better way of using it. Survey Review, 41, 138151.10.1179/003962609X390058Google Scholar
Teunissen, P.J.G., Odolinski, R. and Odijk, D. (2014). Instantaneous BeiDou + GPS RTK positioning with high cut-off elevation angles. Journal of Geodesy, 88, 335350.10.1007/s00190-013-0686-4Google Scholar
Tian, Y., Liu, Z., Ge, M. and Neitzel, F. (2018). Determining inter-system bias of GNSS signals with narrowly spaced frequencies for GNSS positioning. Journal of Geodesy, 92, 873887.10.1007/s00190-017-1100-4Google Scholar
Tsuji, H., Matsuo, K., Furuya, T., Yamao, H. and Kamakari, Y. (2016). Development of a Precise Positioning Technique Using Multi-GNSS. Proceedings of FIG Working Week 2016, Christchurch, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Verhagen, S. (2004). The GNSS integer ambiguities: estimation and validation. PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Verhagen, S. and Teunissen, P.J.G. (2013). The ratio test for future GNSS ambiguity resolution. GPS Solutions, 17, 535548.10.1007/s10291-012-0299-zGoogle Scholar
Wu, M., Zhang, X., Liu, W., Ni, S. and Yu, S. (2017). Tightly combined BeiDou B2 and Galileo E5b signals for precise relative positioning. The Journal of Navigation, 70, 12531266.10.1017/S0373463317000273Google Scholar
Yuan, Y. and Zhang, B. (2014). Retrieval of inter-system biases (ISBs) using a network of multi-GNSS receivers. Journal of Global Positioning System, 13, 2229.Google Scholar
Zhang, B., and Teunissen, P.J.G. (2016). Zero-baseline Analysis of GPS/BeiDou/Galileo Between-Receiver Differential Code Biases (BR-DCBs): Time-wise Retrieval and Preliminary Characterization. Navigation, 63, 181191.10.1002/navi.132Google Scholar