^{Page 19 note 1} Report of the Presidential Commission on the Establishment of a Democratic One-Party State (Dar es Salaam, 1965), p. 20,Google Scholar hereinafter referred to as the One-Party Report.

^{Page 20 note 1} Cliffe, Lionel (ed.), One-Party Democracy (Nairobi, 1967), p. 343.Google Scholar

^{Page 21 note 1} See Helge Kjekshus, ‘The Voting Public: Tanzania's General Elections, 1965 and 1970. Some Statistical and Cartographical Notes’, Bureau of Resource Assessment and Land Use Planning, Dar es Salaam, 1972.

^{Page 21 note 2} See Kjekshus, Helge, ‘Fifteen By-Elections: the problem of non-participation’, in Eastern Africa Law Review (Dar es Salaam), forthcoming.Google Scholar

^{Page 22 note 1} Majadilianoya Bunge (Dar es Salaam), 02 1966,Google Scholar hereafter referred to as Bunge.

^{Page 22 note 2} Ibid. 26 March 1969.

^{Page 22 note 3} Ibid. 26 July 1968.

^{Page 22 note 4} Title of editorial in The Nationalist (Dar es Salaam), 29 07 1968.Google Scholar

^{Page 22 note 5} van Velsen, H. U. E. Thoden and Sterkenburg, J. J., ‘Stirrings in the Tanzanian National Assembly’, in Kroniek van Afrika (Leiden), IV, 1968, pp. 298–305.Google Scholar

^{Page 23 note 1} Bunge, 13 July 1968.

^{Page 25 note 1} Cf. Hopkins, R. F., ‘The Role of the M.P. in Tanzania’, in The American Political Science Review (Menasha), LXIV, 3, 09 1970, pp. 762–3.Google Scholar

^{Page 26 note 1} Nyerere, Julius K., Freedom and Socialism (Nairobi, 1967), p. 90.Google Scholar

^{Page 26 note 2} Hopkins, loc. cit. p. 762.

^{Page 27 note 1} Kawawa, Rashidi, Bunge, 9 07 1966.Google Scholar

^{Page 27 note 2} Bomani, Paul, quoted in The Standard (Dar es Salaam), 27 06 1967.Google Scholar

^{Page 27 note 3} Kawawa, , Bunge, 9 01 1968.Google Scholar

^{Page 27 note 4} The Nationalist, 14 July 1966, editorial on ‘Question Time’.

^{Page 27 note 5} Ibid. 17 February 1967, ‘National Assembly’.

^{Page 27 note 6} Ibid. 1 October 1968, ‘Parliament’.

^{Page 28 note 1} Kawawa, , Bunge, 19 06 1968.Google Scholar

^{Page 29 note 1} Ibid. 15 July 1969. Tanzania later recognised the Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam.

^{Page 29 note 2} R. S. Wambura, ibid.8 July 1967.

^{Page 29 note 3} Kawawa, Ibid. 22 July 1968.

^{Page 30 note 1} Ibid. 22 June and 22 July 1968, especially comments by M. F. K. Chogga and S. M. Kibuga.

^{Page 30 note 2} An answer to these mainland M.P.s was given by Sheik Karume, then President of Zanzibar, in an interview with The Sunday News (Dar es Salaam), 6 10 1968:Google Scholar there was ‘absolutely no connection between democracy and elections [which were] introduced by the colonialists to perpetuate their rule’.

^{Page 30 note 3} The term ‘constitutional reformers’ was used by Chief Justice P. T. Georges during the treason trial of Gray Mattaka and six others, in order to identify a group of expelled M.P.s. The trial in Dares Salaam was widely reported in The Nationalist and The Standard during the latter half of 1970.

^{Page 30 note 4} Ndobho, P.J. C., Bunge, 18 07 1967.Google Scholar

^{Page 31 note 1} Nyerere, Freedom and Socialism, p. 26.

^{Page 31 note 2} The Nationalist, 1 October 1967, ‘Party Discipline’.

^{Page 31 note 3} Bunge, 1 October 1968.

^{Page 31 note 4} Statement by T.A.N.U.'s National Executive Committee as reported in The Nationalist, 19 October 1968.

^{Page 32 note 1} N.E.C. resolution, ibid.

^{Page 32 note 2} For such tasks, see Nyerere's opening speech to the Second Parliament, 1965, in Freedom and Socialism, pp. 86–103, and his closing speech, ‘Five Years of Progress’, reprinted in The Standard, 7 July 1970.

^{Page 32 note 3} See Tordoff, William, Government and Politics in Tanzania (Nairobi, 1967), p. 23.Google Scholar

^{Page 33 note 1} Kawawa, , Bunge, 12 07 1968.Google Scholar

^{Page 33 note 2} The decentralisation policy launched in January 1972 has created practical opportunities-which did not exist for M.P.s during 1965–70 - for solving problems at the subnational levels in regions and districts.

^{Page 34 note 1} This system is used, inter alia, in France and Scandinavia, and I have suggested its relevance to Tanzania in another connection – see my ‘Seventeen By-Elections: the problem of non-participation’, loc. cit.

^{Page 34 note 2} Tanganyika Legislative Council. Official Report (Dar es Salaam), 18 06 1958, p. 1098.Google Scholar

^{Page 34 note 3} Kawawa, ibid. p. 1096.

^{Page 34 note 4} Disqualification (National Assembly and Miscellaneous Offices) Act, No. 7 of 1962.

^{Page 34 note 5} Disqualification (National Assembly and Miscellaneous Offices) Act, No. 63 of 1964.

^{Page 34 note 6} Tordoff, op. cit. p. 23.

^{Page 35 note 1} One-Party Report, p. 24.

^{Page 35 note 2} The Arusha Declaration is reprinted in Nyerere, Julius K., Ujamaa: essays on socialism (Dares Salaam, 1968), pp. 13–37.Google Scholar

^{Page 35 note 3} Interim Constitution of Tanzania (Amendment No. 2) Act, No.40 of 1967; also National Assembly (Qualifications of Members, Forms and Procedure) Act, No. 14 of 1968, and Amendment Act, No. 24 of 1969.

^{Page 36 note 1} Rahim, Bashir, ‘Legislative Implementation of the Arusha Declaration’, in East African Law Journal (Nairobi), IV, 4, 12 1968, pp. 183–202.Google Scholar

^{Page 36 note 2} Mhagama, J. B., Bunge, 25 10 1967.Google Scholar

^{Page 36 note 3} Ibid. especially comments by Mhagama, H. S. Sarwatt, and J. T. Lupembe.

^{Page 37 note 1} The Committee for the Enforcement of the Leadership Code Act, No. 2 of 1973.

^{Page 38 note 1} Kwilasa, A.S., Bunge, 1 10 1968.Google Scholar

^{Page 38 note 2} See reports in The Nationalist, 11 and 12 April 1969, and The Standard, 6 May 1969.

^{Page 39 note 1} The Nationalist, 2 February 1969.

^{Page 39 note 2} Ibid. 12 August 1970.

^{Page 39 note 3} Ibid. 9 december 1969.

^{Page 39 note 4} P. Msekwa, quoted ibid.

^{Page 40 note 1} Cf. a number of case studies in Socialism and Participation: the 1970 national elections n Tanzania (Dar es Salaam, forthcoming).

^{Page 40 note 2} The Public Officers (Eligibility for Elections as Constituency Members) Act, No. 11 of 1972.

^{Page 40 note 3} For the parliamentary debate, see Bunge, 20–28 April 1972.

^{Page 42 note 1} Hopkins, bc. cit. See also his Political Roles in a New State: Tanzania's First Decade (New Haven and London, 1971), esp. ch. 5.Google Scholar

^{Page 42 note 2} J. R. Finucane, ‘Participation in Rural Tanzania: the role of the M.P.’, University Social Science Conference, Makerere, December 1971. Of particular interest is the publication of a letter of 6 May 1968 from the Principal Secretary of State House, calling for the restricted flow of official information to M.P.s on the ground that this ‘may be used as a basis of attacks against Ministers in Parliament’.

^{Page 43 note 1} The Mwongozo, first published in The Standard, 22 February 1971.