The case, a woman æt. 62, alcoholic, presented the following clinical history:—Six years ago she had a right-sided hemiparesis, followed by a second similar attack in two years. Three years ago she had a weakening of the voice ending in aphonia, followed by dysarthria and dysphagia. There were also paresis of the lower facial muscles, especially on the right side, without atrophy, paresis of the tongue and palate. In addition to the right-sided hemiparesis, there was latterly paresis of the left leg.

The work is divided into six parts. In the first part, an account is given of the varying results obtained by Nissl's method of staining, concerning the minute anatomy of the nervous cell and its lesions. The numerous modifications of this method were tried, and Ladame places most reliance on the method of Van Gehuchten, which he has altered in certain details; so that, for instance, instead of washing in water after fixation he carries his specimens into 60 per cent. alcohol saturated with chloride of sodium; whence, after leaving them in this bath for a while, they are placed in 70 per cent. alcohol, also saturated with chloride of sodium. He uses, moreover, essence of cedar in preference to chloroform as the vehicle of paraffin for embedding, in spite of certain drawbacks. Toluidine blue is used instead of methylene blue for staining the sections, and gives a neat, intense coloration, agreeable to the eye; moreover it is more stable than methylene blue.

These experiments were made on 238 boys and 224 girls, between the ages of 9 and 14, in the schools at Kiel. Eight different kinds of memory were investigated, involving in each group a test of the ability to remember in exact order nine sensory impressions (nine objects exhibited in succession, nine figures repeated, nine names of visual objects repeated, nine names of states of feeling, nine difficult unknown words, etc.). Among the boys the average order of excellence reached was as follows (in decreasing values): real things, figures, words referring to touch, visual words, words representing sounds, actual sounds, words referring to feelings, difficult words. In every group (except that of objects exhibited) there was a regular improvement with age. In regard to objects seen, sounds heard, and representations of feeling, there was a marked improvement in memory about the thirteenth year. The memory for figures, and for sound-words, touch-words, and feeling-words, showed most rapid development at an earlier age (ten to eleven years). There was no tendency to a simultaneous development in all the groups; mental energy seemed to be concentrated on one group at a time.

The author has devised a method by which the memories of individuals may be compared to one another or to a perfect standard. His method tests the memory for words, persons, colours, orientation, names, and numbers.

These experiments were made on 238 boys and 224 girls, between the ages of 9 and 14, in the schools at Kiel. Eight different kinds of memory were investigated, involving in each group a test of the ability to remember in exact order nine sensory impressions (nine objects exhibited in succession, nine figures repeated, nine names of visual objects repeated, nine names of states of feeling, nine difficult unknown words, etc.). Among the boys the average order of excellence reached was as follows (in decreasing values): real things, figures, words referring to touch, visual words, words representing sounds, actual sounds, words referring to feelings, difficult words. In every group (except that of objects exhibited) there was a regular improvement with age. In regard to objects seen, sounds heard, and representations of feeling, there was a marked improvement in memory about the thirteenth year. The memory for figures, and for sound-words, touch-words, and feeling-words, showed most rapid development at an earlier age (ten to eleven years). There was no tendency to a simultaneous development in all the groups; mental energy seemed to be concentrated on one group at a time.