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Nanoscale control of silica morphology and three-dimensional structure during diatom cell wall formation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Mark Hildebrand ,
Evelyn York ,
Jessica I. Kelz ,
Aubrey K. Davis ,
Luciano G. Frigeri ,
David P. Allison  and
Mitchel J. Doktycz
Mark Hildebrand*
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California—San Diego,La Jolla, California 92093-0202
Evelyn York
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California—San Diego,La Jolla, California 92093-0202
Jessica I. Kelz
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California—San Diego,La Jolla, California 92093-0202
Aubrey K. Davis
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California—San Diego,La Jolla, California 92093-0202
Luciano G. Frigeri
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California—San Diego,La Jolla, California 92093-0202
David P. Allison
Affiliation:
Biological & Nanoscale Systems Group, Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6123; Department of Biochemistry & Cellular & Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840; and Molecular Imaging Inc., Agilent Technologies Tempe, Arizona 85282
Mitchel J. Doktycz
Affiliation:
Biological & Nanoscale Systems Group, Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6123
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: mhildebrand@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

We present a unique approach combining biological manipulation with advanced imaging tools to examine silica cell wall synthesis in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. The innate capabilities of diatoms to form complex 3D silica structures on the nano- to micro-scale exceed current synthetic approaches because they use a fundamentally different formation process. Understanding the molecular details of the process requires identifying structural intermediates and correlating their formation with genes and proteins involved. This will aid in development of approaches to controllably alter structure, facilitating the use of diatoms as a direct source of nanostructured materials. In T. pseudonana, distinct silica morphologies were observed during formation of different cell wall substructures, and three different scales of structural organization were identified. At all levels, structure formation correlated with optimal design properties for the final product. These results provide a benchmark of measurements and new insights into biosilicification processes, potentially also benefiting biomimetic approaches.

Keywords

Biological synthesis (assembly)MicrostructureMorphology
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 21 , Issue 10 , October 2006 , pp. 2689 - 2698
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2006

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