Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T20:28:22.607Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nanocrystalline high-entropy alloys

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2017

Carl C. Koch
Carl C. Koch*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, USA
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: carl_koch@ncsu.edu
Get access

Abstract

This article is a review of research on nanostructured high-entropy alloys with emphasis on those made by the severe plastic deformation methods of mechanical alloying and high-pressure torsion. An example of thin film refractory metal alloys made by magnetron sputtering is also presented. The article will begin with a discussion of the seminal research of B.S. Murty and co-workers who first produced nanocrystalline high-entropy alloys by mechanical alloying of powders. This will be followed by a listing of research, in mostly chronological order, of mainly 3d transition metal alloys made nanocrystalline by mechanical alloying. Research on the well-studied Cantor alloy, from the literature and the author’s laboratory will be presented. The author’s and co-worker’s research on a low-density high-entropy alloy with single-phase fcc or hcp structure and an extremely high strength (hardness)-to-weight ratio will be described.

Keywords

alloymechanical alloyingnanostructure
Type
Invited Feature Review
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 32 , Issue 18 , 28 September 2017 , pp. 3435 - 3444
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Jürgen Eckert

This paper has been selected as an Invited Feature Paper.

References

REFERENCES

Murty, B.S., Yeh, J.W., and Ranganathan, S.: High-Entropy Alloys (Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier, Oxford, U.K., 2014); p. 80.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y., Koch, C.C., Ma, S.G., Zhang, H., and Pan, Y.: Fabrication routes. In High Entropy Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Gao, M.C., Yeh, J-W., Liaw, P.K., and Zhang, Y., eds. (Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2016); pp. 171–173.Google Scholar
Varalakshmi, S.: Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline high entropy alloys by mechanical alloying. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, 2008.Google Scholar
Varalakshmi, S., Kamaraj, M., and Murty, B.S.: Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline AlFeTiCrZnCu high entropy solid solution by mechanical alloying. J. Alloys Compd. 460, 253 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varalakshmi, S., Kamaraj, M., and Murty, B.S.: Formation and stability of equiatomic and nonequiatomic nanocrystalline CuNiCoZnAlTi high-entropy alloys by mechanical alloying. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 41, 2703 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varalakshmi, S., Kamaraj, M., and Murty, B.S.: Processing and properties of nanocrystalline CuNiCoZnAlTi high entropy alloys by mechanical alloying. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 527, 1027 (2010).Google Scholar
Varalakshmi, S., Appa Rao, G., Kamaraj, M., and Murty, B.S.: Hot consolidation and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline equiatomic AlFeTiCrZnCu high entropy alloy after mechanical alloying. J. Mater. Sci. 45, 5158 (2010).Google Scholar
Zhang, K.B., Fu, Z.Y., Zhang, J.Y., Shi, J., Wang, W.M., Wang, Y.C., and Zhang, Q.J.: Nanocrystalline CoCrFeNiCuAl high-entropy solid solution synthesized by mechanical alloying. J. Alloys Compd. 485, L31 (2009).Google Scholar
Chen, Y.L., Hu, Y.H., Tsai, C.W., Hsieh, C.A., Kao, S.W., Yeh, J.W., Chin, T.S., and Chen, S.K.: Alloying behavior of binary to octonary alloys based on Cu–Ni–Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ti–Mo during mechanical alloying. J. Alloys Compd. 477, 696 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, K.B., Fu, Z.Y., Zhang, J.Y., Wang, W.M., Lee, S.W., and Niihara, K.: Characterization of nanocrystalline CoCrFeNiTiAl high-entropy solid solution processed by mechanical alloying. J. Alloys Compd. 495, 33 (2010).Google Scholar
Praveen, S., Murty, B.S., and Kottada, R.S.: Alloying behavior in multi-component AlCoCrCuFe and NiCoCrCuFe high entropy alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 534, 83 (2012).Google Scholar
Fu, Z., Chen, W., Fang, S., Zhang, D., Xiao, H., and Zhu, D.: Alloying behavior and deformation twinning in a CoNiFeCrAl0.6Ti0.4 high entropy alloy processed by spark plasma sintering. J. Alloys Compd. 553, 316 (2013).Google Scholar
Tariq, N.H., Naeem, M., Hasan, B.A., Akhter, J.I., and Siddique, M.: Effect of W and Zr on structural, thermal and magnetic properties of AlCoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 556, 79 (2013).Google Scholar
Pradeep, K.G., Wanderka, N., Choi, P., Banhart, J., Murty, B.S., and Raabe, D.: Atomic-scale compositional characterization of a nanocrystalline AlCrCuFeNiZn high-entropy alloy using atom probe tomography. Acta Mater. 61, 4696 (2013).Google Scholar
Sriharitha, R., Murty, B.S., and Kottada, R.S.: Phase formation in mechanically alloyed Al x CoCrCuFeNi (x = 0.45, 1, 2.5, 5 mol) high entropy alloys. Intermetallics 32, 119 (2013).Google Scholar
Fazakas, E., Varga, B., and Varga, L.K.: Processing and properties of nanocrystalline CoCrFeNiCuAlTiXVMo (X = Zn, Mn) high entropy alloys by mechanical alloying. ISRN Mech. Eng. 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/167869 (2013).Google Scholar
Mohanty, S., Gurao, N.P., and Biswas, K.: Sinter ageing of equiatomic Al20Co20Cu20Zn20Ni20 via mechanical alloying. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 617, 211 (2014).Google Scholar
Ji, W., Fu, Z., Wang, W., Wang, H., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., and Zhang, F.: Mechanical alloying synthesis and spark plasma sintering consolidation of CoCrFeNiAl high entropy alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 589, 61 (2014).Google Scholar
Babu, C.S., Sivaprasad, K., Muthupandi, Y., and Szpunar, J.A.: Characterization of nanocrystalline AlCoCrCuNiFeZn high entropy alloy produced by mechanical alloying. Procedia Mater. Sci. 5, 1020 (2014).Google Scholar
Fu, Z., Chen, W., Wen, H., Morgan, S., Chen, F., Zheng, B., Zhou, Y., Zhang, L., and Lavernia, E.J.: Microstructure and mechanical behavior of a novel Co20Ni20Fe20Al20Ti20 alloy fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 644, 10 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fu, Z., Chen, W., Wen, H., Chen, Z., and Lavernia, E.J.: Effects of Co and sintering method on microstructure and mechanical behavior of a high-entropy Al0.6NiFeCrCo alloy prepared by powder metallurgy. J. Alloys Compd. 646, 175 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, Q.H., Huang, Y., Huang, Y.Y., Liao, X.Z., Langdon, T.G., and Dai, P.Q.: Hardening of an Al0.3CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy via high-pressure torsion and thermal annealing. Mater. Lett. 151, 126 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohanty, S., Maity, T.N., Mukhopadhyay, S., Sarkar, S., Gurao, N.P., Bhowmick, S., and Biswas, K.: Powder metallurgical processing of equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy: Microstructure and mechanical properties. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 679, 299 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, N., Hu, T., Huang, J., and Luo, J.: Stabilization of nanocrystalline alloys at high temperatures via utilizing high-entropy grain boundary complexions. Scr. Mater. 124, 160 (2016).Google Scholar
Fu, Z., Chen, W., Wen, H., Zhang, D., Chen, Z., Zheng, B., Zhou, Y., and Lavernia, E.J.: Microstructure and strengthening mechanisms in an fcc structured single-phase nanocrystalline Co25Ni25Fe25Al7.5Cu17.5 high-entropy alloy. Acta Mater. 107, 59 (2016).Google Scholar
Zhou, Y., Ma, H., and Spolenak, R.: Ultrastrong ductile and stable high-entropy alloys at small scales. Nat. Commun. 6, 7748 (2015).Google Scholar
Zou, Y., Wheeler, J.M., Ma, H., Okle, P., and Spolenak, R.: Nanocrystalline high-entropy alloys: A new paradigm in high-temperature strength and stability. Nano Lett. 17, 1569 (2017).Google Scholar
Cantor, B., Chang, I.T.H., Knight, P., and Vincent, A.J.B.: Microstructural development in equiatomic multicomponent alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 375–377, 213 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuh, B., Mendez-Martin, F., Volker, B., George, E.P., Clemens, H., Pippan, R., and Hohenwarter, A.: Mechanical properties, microstructure, and thermal stability of a nanocrystalline CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy after severe plastic deformation. Acta Mater. 96, 258 (2015).Google Scholar
Pickering, E.J., Munoz-Moreno, R., Stone, H.J., and Jones, N.G.: Precipitation in the equiatomic high-entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi. Scr. Mater. 113, 106 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaddach, A.J., Niu, C., Koch, C.C., and Irving, D.L.: Mechanical properties and stacking fault energies of NiFeCrCoMn high-entropy alloy. JOM 65, 1780 (2013).Google Scholar
Leoni, M., Confente, T., and Scardi, P.: PM2K: a flexible program implementing Whole Powder Pattern Modelling. Z. Kristallogr. 23, 249 (2006).Google Scholar
Schramm, R.E. and Reed, R.P.: Stacking fault energies of fcc Fe–Ni alloy by X-ray diffraction line profile analysis. Metall. Trans. A 7, 359 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, D-H., Choi, I-C., Seok, M-Y., He, J., Lu, Z., Suh, J-Y., Kawasaki, M., and Langdon, T.G.: Nanomechanical behavior and structural stability of a nanocrystalline CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy processed by high-pressure torsion. J. Mater. Res. 30, 2804 (2015).Google Scholar
Shahmir, H., He, J., Lu, Z., Kawasaki, M., and Langdon, T.G.: Evidence for superplasticity in a CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy processed by high-pressure torsion. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 685, 342 (2017).Google Scholar
Shahmir, H., Nili-Ahmadabadi, M., Shafie, A., and Langdon, T.B.: Hardening and thermal stability of a nanocrystalline CoCrFeNiMnTi0.1 high entropy alloy processed by high-pressure torsion. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 194, 012017 (2017).Google Scholar
Heczel, A., Kawasaki, M., Labar, J.L., Jang, J-I., Langdon, T.G., and Gubicza, J.: Defect structure and hardness in nanocrystalline CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy processed by high-pressure torsion. J. Alloys Compd. 711, 143 (2017).Google Scholar
Liu, Y., Wang, J., Fang, Q., Liu, B., Wu, Y., and Chen, S.: Preparation of superfine-grained high entropy alloy by spark plasma sintering gas atomized powder. Intermetallics 68, 16 (2016).Google Scholar
Maier-Kiener, V., Schuh, B., George, E.P., Clemens, H., and Hohenwarter, A.: Nanoindentation testing as a powerful screening tool for assessing phase stability of nanocrystalline high-entropy alloys. Mater. Des. 115, 479 (2017).Google Scholar
Youssef, K.M., Zaddach, A.J., Niu, C., Irving, D.L., and Koch, C.C.: A novel low-density, high-hardness, high-entrophy alloy with close-packed single-phase nanocrystalline structures. Mater. Res. Lett. 3, 95 (2015).Google Scholar