Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T15:18:33.056Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Glass transformation phenomena in bulk and film amorphous selenium via DSC heating and cooling scans

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

S. Yannacopoulos  and
S.O. Kasap
S. Yannacopoulos
Affiliation:
Metallurgical Laboratories, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W0
S.O. Kasap
Affiliation:
Materials and Devices Laboratories, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W0
Get access

Abstract

Recently there has been an emphasis on the importance of using cooling scans in DSC experiments in studying the glass transformation kinetics of glasses. The physical interpretation of the apparent activation energy from DSC heating scans has been questioned as not being meaningful. The present paper reports glass transition temperature (Tg) measurements derived from Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiments on bulk and film amorphous selenium samples subjected to heating, at constant rate r, and cooling, at constant rate q, scans. Film samples were prepared by thermal evaporation techniques in vacuum. It is shown that for both bulk and film forms of a–Se, within experimental errors, log(r/T2gm) vs 1/Tgm plot where Tgm is the peak glass transformation temperature, and log(r) vs 1/Tgh plot, where Tgh is the glass transition onset temperature from DSC heating scans, are parallel to the log(q) vs 1/Tgc plot where Tgc is the glass transition temperature from cooling scans. Within the Hutchinson and Kovacs formulation of the glass transformation phenomenon, the results imply that the structural contribution to the mean retardation time, τ, is negligible in comparison with the temperature dependent part. The mean structural relaxation time for both bulk and film forms was found to exhibit a typical Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher type of temperature dependence. Furthermore, the structural relaxation rate was observed to be inversely proportional to the viscosity, η(T), implying that the mean structural retardation time is proportional to the viscosity, τ ∼ η. The results also confirm that the earlier studies of glass transformation kinetics in a–Se utilizing only DSC heating scans remain meaningful.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 5 , Issue 4 , April 1990 , pp. 789 - 794
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Crichton, S. N. and Moynihan, C.T., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 99, 413 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Avramov, I., Grantscharova, E., and Gutzow, I., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 91, 386 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Ritland, H. N., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 37, 370 (1954).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Moynihan, C.T. and Macedo, P. B., J. Phys. Chem. 75, 3379 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Rasmussen, D. H. and MacKenzie, A. P., J. Phys. Chem. 75, 967 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Kissinger, H. E., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 57, 217 (1956).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Kovacs, A. J., Fortschr. Hochpolym.-Forsch. 3, 394 (1963).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Hutchinson, J. M. and Kovacs, A. J., J. Polym. Sci., Phys. Ed. 14, 1575 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Kovacs, A. J. and Hutchinson, J. M., J. Polym. Sci., Phys. Ed. 17, 2031 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Hutchinson, J. M. and Kovacs, A. J., in The Structure of Non- Crystalline Materials, edited by Gaskell, P. H. (Taylor and Francis, London, 1977), pp. 167–173.Google Scholar
11Chen, H. S., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 27, 257 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Chen, H. S.,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 29, 223 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Chen, H. S., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 46, 289 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Shelby, J. E., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 34, 111 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Mahadevan, S., Giridhar, A., and Singh, A. K., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 88, 11 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Colmenera, J. and Barandiaran, J. M., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 30, 263 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Matsuura, M. and Suzuki, K., J. Mater. Sci. 14, 395 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Kasap, S.O. and Juhasz, C., J. Mater. Sci. 21, 1329 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Kasap, S.O. and Yannacopoulos, S., Journal of Materials Research 4, 893 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Larmagnac, J. P., Grenet, J., and Michon, P., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 45, 157 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Grenet, J. and Larmagnac, J.P., Thin Solid Films 110, 39 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Abkowitz, M., Polymer Eng. Sci. 24, 1149 (1984) and references therein.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Abkowitz, M., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 66, 315 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Stephens, R. B., Phys. Rev. B 30, 5195 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Schottmiller, J. C., J. Vac. Sci. and Technol. 12, 807 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Berkes, J. S., in Electrophotography: 2nd Int. Conf., edited by White, D. R. (SPSE, Springfield, VA, 1974), pp. 137–141.Google Scholar
27Polischuk, B., Kasap, S. O., Dodds, D., and Yannacopoulos, S., in Proc. of the 4th Int. Symp. on Uses of Selenium and Tellurium, Banff, May 1989, edited by S., Carapella (Selenium-Tellurium Development Association Inc., Darien, CT) (in press).Google Scholar
28Das, G. C., Bever, M. B., Uhlmann, D. R., and Moss, S. C., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 7, 251 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Cukierman, M. and Uhlmann, D. R., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 12, 199 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Nemilov, S.V. and Petrovskii, G.T., Zh. Prikl. Khim. 36, 977 (1963).Google Scholar
31Kasap, S. O. and Yannacopoulos, S., to appear in Phys. Chem. Glasses 31 (1989) (in press for issue No. 3, April/May).Google Scholar
32Li, J.C.M., Metall. Trans. A 9A, 1353 (1978).Google Scholar
33Chang, B.T. A. and Li, J. C. M., J. Mater. Sci. 15, 1364 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar