Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-5wvtr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-20T21:46:50.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characterization of the mechanical behavior of wear surfaces on single crystal nickel by nanomechanical techniques

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

M.J. Cordill ,
N.R. Moody ,
S.V. Prasad ,
J.R. Michael  and
W.W. Gerberich
M.J. Cordill*
Affiliation:
Erich Schmid Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Leoben 8700, Austria; and University of Minnesota, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
N.R. Moody*
Affiliation:
Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
S.V. Prasad
Affiliation:
Erich Schmid Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Leoben 8700, Austria; and University of Minnesota, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
J.R. Michael
Affiliation:
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 18185
W.W. Gerberich
Affiliation:
Erich Schmid Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Leoben 8700, Austria; and University of Minnesota, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 University of Minnesota, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: megan.cordill@oeaw.ac.at
b) This author was an editor of this focus issue during the review and decision stage. For the JMR policy on review and publication of manuscripts authored by editors, please refer to http://www.mrs.org/jmr_policy
Get access

Abstract

In ductile metals, sliding contact induces plastic deformation resulting in subsurfaces, the mechanical properties of which are different from those of the bulk. This article describes a novel combination of nanomechanical test methods and analysis techniques to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the subsurfaces generated underneath a wear surface. In this methodology, nanoscratch techniques were first used to generate wear patterns as a function of load and number of cycles using a Hysitron TriboIndenter. Measurements were made on a (001) single crystal plane along two crystallographic directions, <001> and <011>. Nanoindentation was then used to measure mechanical properties in each wear pattern. The results on the (001) single crystal nickel plane showed that there was a strong increase in hardness with increasing applied load that was accompanied by a change in surface deformation. The amount of deformation underneath the wear patterns was examined from focused ion beam cross-sections of the wear patterns.

Keywords

HardnessNanoindentationTribology
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , March 2009 , pp. 844 - 852
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Heilmann, P., Clark, W.A.T., and Rigney, D.A.: Orientation determination of subsurface cells generated by sliding. Acta Metall. 31, 1293 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Prasad, S.V., Michael, J.K., and Christenson, T.R.: EBSD studies on wear-induced subsurface regions in LIGA nickel. Scr. Mater. 48, 255 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Rigney, D.A.: The roles of hardness in the sliding behavior of materials. Wear 175, 63 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Rigney, D.A.: Transfer, mixing and associated chemical and mechanical processes during the sliding of ductile materials. Wear 245, 1 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Emge, A., Karthikeyan, S., Kim, H.J., and Rigney, D.A.: The effect of sliding velocity on the tribological behavior of copper. Wear 263, 614 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Heilmann, P., Don, J., Sun, T.C., Rigney, D.A., and Glaeser, W.A.: Sliding wear and transfer. Wear 91, 171 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Rigney, D.A.: Large strains associated with sliding contact of metals. Mater. Res. Innov. 1, 231 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Rigney, D.A., Divakar, R., and Kuo, S.M.: Deformation substructures associated with very large plastic strains. Scr. Metall. 27, 975 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Rigney, D.A. and Glaeser, W.A.: The significance of near surface microstructure in the wear process. Wear 46, 241 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Dufrane, K.F. and Glaeser, W.A.: Rolling-contact deformation of MgO single crystals. Wear 37, 21 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Glaeser, W.A.: High strain wear mechanisms in ferrous alloys. Wear 123, 155 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Tabor, D.: The Hardness of Metals (Oxford University Press, NY, 1951).Google Scholar
13.Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Cordill, M.J., Moody, N.R., and Gerberich, W.W.: Effects of dynamic indentation on the mechanical response of materials. J. Mater. Res. 23, 1604 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Durst, K., Franke, O., Bohner, A., and Goken, M.: Indentation size effect in Ni-Fe solid solutions. Acta Mater. 55, 6825 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Buchheit, T.E., LaVan, D.A., Michael, J.R., Christensen, T.R., and Leith, S.D.: Microstructural and mechanical properties investigation of electrodeposited and annealed LIGA nickel structures. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 33, 539 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Safranek, W.H.: The Properties of Electrodeposited Metals and Alloys, a Handbook (American Electroplaters Society, Orlando, FL, 1986).Google Scholar
18.Dini, J.W.: Electrodeposition (Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1993).Google Scholar
19.Romanowski, A.: Impact of the heat generation of the primary scanning beam on the sem-ebic characteristics. Phys. Status Solidi 88, 663 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Ishitani, I. and Kaga, H.: Calculation of local temperature rise in focused-ion-beam sample preparation. J. Electron Microsc. 44, 331 (1995).Google Scholar
21.Giannuzzi, L.A. and Stevie, F.A.: Introduction to Focused Ion Beams: Instrumentation, Theory, Techniques and Practice (Springer, NY, 2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Bobji, M.S. and Biswas, S.K.: Deconvolution of hardness from data obtained from nanoindentation of rough surfaces. J. Mater. Res. 14, 2259 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Joslin, D.L. and Oliver, W.C.: A new method for analyzing data from continuous depth-sensing microindentation tests. J. Mater. Res. 5, 123 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Page, T.F., Pharr, G.M., Hay, J.C., Oliver, W.C., Lucas, B.N., Herbert, E., and Riester, L.: Nanoindentation characterization of coated systems: P/S2. A new approach using the continuous stiffness technique, in Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nano-tribology, edited by Moody, N.R., Gerberich, W.W., Burnham, N., and Baker, S.P. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 522, Warrendale, PA, 1998), pp. 53–64.Google Scholar
25.Hokkirigawa, K. and Kato, K.: An experimental and theoretical investigation of ploughing, cutting and wedge formation during abrasive wear. Tribol. Int. 21, 51 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Johnson, K.L.: Contact Mechanics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Kramer, D., Huang, H., Kriese, M., Robach, J., Nelson, J., Wright, A., Bahr, D.F., and Gerberich, W.W.: Yield strength predictions from the plastic zone around nanocontacts. Acta Mater. 47, 333 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Tymiak, N.I., Kramer, D.E., Bahr, D.F., Wyrobek, T.J., and Gerberich, W.W.: Plastic strain and strain gradients at very small indentation depths. Acta Mater. 49, 1021 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar