Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T19:28:22.531Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ag effects on the elastic modulus values of nanoporous Au foams

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

A.M. Hodge ,
R.T. Doucette ,
M.M. Biener ,
J. Biener ,
O. Cervantes  and
A.V. Hamza
A.M. Hodge*
Affiliation:
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
R.T. Doucette
Affiliation:
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
M.M. Biener
Affiliation:
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
J. Biener
Affiliation:
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
O. Cervantes
Affiliation:
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
A.V. Hamza
Affiliation:
Nanoscale Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: ahodge@usc.edu
Get access

Abstract

To study both the effect of Ag and the relative density on the elastic properties of nanoporous Au (np-Au) foams, partially as well as fully dealloyed np-Au samples with various ligament sizes were prepared. Additionally, Ag-coated np-Au samples were synthesized by immersing np-Au in a 1 M Ag nitrate solution, followed by drying and thermal decomposition of the deposited Ag nitrate salt to Ag, NO2, and O2. Cross-sectional analysis revealed that this method yields a homogeneous Ag distribution and that the Ag concentration can be adjusted within the range of 0 to 20 at.%. Mechanical testing was performed by depth-sensing nanoindentation. It was observed that the effect of the relative density on the elastic properties of np-Au seems to be much stronger than predicted by the Gibson and Ashby relationship: Even Ag contents as low as 1 at.% can significantly change the modulus values. On the other hand, the elastic modulus of np-Au seems to be independent of the ligament size.

Keywords

Elastic propertiesFoamNanoindentation
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , April 2009 , pp. 1600 - 1606
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Kucheyev, S.O., Hayes, J.R., Biener, J., Huser, T., Talley, C.E., and Hamza, A.V.: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering on nanoporous Au. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 053102 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Weissmueller, J., Viswanath, R.N., Kramer, D., Zimmer, P., Wuerschum, R., and Gleiter, H.: Charge-induced reversible strain in a metal. Science 300, 312 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Zielasek, V., Jurgens, B., Schulz, C., Biener, J., Biener, M.M., Hamza, A.V., and Baumer, M.: Gold catalysts: Nanoporous gold foams. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45, 8241 (2006).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4Biener, J., Hodge, A.M., Hamza, A.V., Hsiung, L.M., and Satcher, J.H.: Nanoporous Au: A high yield strength material. J. Appl. Phys. 97, 024301 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Hodge, A.M., Biener, J., Hayes, J.R., Bythrow, P.M., Volkert, C.A., and Hamza, A.V.: Scaling equation for yield strength of nanoporous open-cell foams. Acta Mater. 55, 1343 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Volkert, C.A., Lilleodden, E.T., Kramer, D., and Weissmuller, J.: Approaching the theoretical strength in nanoporous Au. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 061920 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Hakamada, M. and Mabuchi, M.: Mechanical strength of nanoporous gold fabricated by dealloying. Scr. Mater. 56, 1003 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Lee, D., Wei, X., Chen, X., Zhao, M., Jun, S.C., Hone, J., Herbert, E.G., Oliver, W.C., and Kysar, J.W.: Microfabrication and mechanical properties of nanoporous gold at the nanoscale. Scr. Mater. 56, 437 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Mathur, A. and Erlebacher, J.: Size dependence of effective Young's modulus of nanoporous gold. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 061910 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Seker, E., Gaskins, J.T., Bart-Smith, H., Zhu, J., Reed, M.L., Zangari, G., Kelly, R., and Begley, M.R.: The effects of post-fabrication annealing on the mechanical properties of freestanding nanoporous gold structures. Acta Mater. 55, 4593 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Zhu, J.Z., Seker, E., Bart-Smith, H., Begley, M.R., Kelly, R.G., Zangari, G., Lye, W.K., and Reed, M.L.: Mitigation of tensile failure in released nanoporous metal microstructures via thermal treatment. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 133104 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Gibson, L.J. and Ashby, M.F.: Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Legros, M., Elliott, B.R., Rittner, M.N., Weertman, J.R., and Hemker, K.J.: Microsample tensile testing of nanocrystalline metals. Philos. Mag. A 80, 1017 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Sanders, P.G., Eastman, J.A., and Weertman, J.R.: Elastic and tensile behavior of nanocrystalline copper and palladium. Acta Mater. 45, 4019 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Shen, T.D., Koch, C.C., Tsui, T.Y., and Pharr, G.M.: On the elastic-moduli of nanocrystalline Fe, Cu, Ni, and Cu-Ni alloys prepared by mechanical milling/alloying. J. Mater. Res. 10, 2892 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Wu, B., Heidelberg, A., and Boland, J.J.: Mechanical properties of ultrahigh-strength gold nanowires. Nat. Mater. 4, 525 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Haruta, M.: New generation of gold catalysts: Nanoporous foams and tubes—Is unsupported gold catalytically active? Chem. Phys. Chem. 8, 1911 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Chan, S., Kwon, S., Koo, T.W., Lee, L.P., and Berlin, A.A.: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of small molecules from silver-coated silicon nanopores. Adv. Mater. 15, 1595 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Sun, Y. and Balk, T.J.: A multi-step dealloying method to produce nanoporous gold with no volume change and minimal cracking. Scr. Mater. 58, 727 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic-modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Gioux, G., McCormack, T.M., and Gibson, L.J.: Failure of aluminum foams under multiaxial loads. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 42, 1097 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Wicklein, M. and Thoma, K.: Numerical investigations of the elastic and plastic behaviour of an open-cell aluminium foam. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 397, 391 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Gall, K., Liu, Y.P., Routkevitch, D., and Finch, D.S.: Instrumented microindentation of nanoporous alumina films. J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 128, 225 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Mimkes, J. and Wuttig, M.: Diffusion and phase diagram in binary alloys. Thermochim. Acta 283, 165 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Ding, Y. and Erlebacher, J.: Nanoporous metals with controlled multimodal pore-size distribution. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 7772 (2003).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26Metals Handbook, edited by Davis, J.R. (ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1998).Google Scholar
27Roberts, A.P. and Garboczi, E.J.: Elastic properties of model random three-dimensional open-cell solids. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 50, 33 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Andrews, E.W., Gioux, G., Onck, P., and Gibson, L.J.: Size effects in ductile cellular solids. Part II: Experimental results. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 43, 701 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Nieh, T.G., Higashi, K., and Wadsworth, J.: Effect of cell morphology on the compressive properties of open-cell aluminum foams. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 283, 105 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Simone, A.E. and Gibson, L.J.: The effects of cell face curvature and corrugations on the stiffness and strength of metallic foams. Acta Mater. 46, 3929 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Brezny, R. and Green, D.J.: The effect of cell-size on the mechanical-behavior of cellular materials. Acta Metall. Mater. 38, 2517 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Zhou, L.G. and Huang, H.C.: Are surfaces elastically softer or stiffer? Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 1940 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar