Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T23:25:16.368Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cluster spin-glasslike behavior in nanoparticles of diluted magnetic semiconductors ZnS:Mn

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Zhen-Hua Wang ,
Dian-Yu Geng ,
Da Li  and
Zhi-Dong Zhang
Zhen-Hua Wang*
Affiliation:
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, and International Centre for Materials Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
Dian-Yu Geng
Affiliation:
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, and International Centre for Materials Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
Da Li
Affiliation:
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, and International Centre for Materials Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
Zhi-Dong Zhang
Affiliation:
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, and International Centre for Materials Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: zhwang@imr.ac.cn
Get access

Abstract

Zn1−xMnxS nanoparticles with x = 0.08, 0.16, and 0.32 were synthesized by a coprecipitation reaction between nitrate and sodium sulfide at room temperature in air. The magnetic properties of the Zn1−xMnxS nanoparticles were investigated by alternating-current (ac) susceptibility and direct-current (dc) magnetization measurements. The Mn3O4 phase was observed to exist in the Zn1−xMnxS nanoparticles as x ⩾ 0.16. The actual concentrations (x) of Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles were determined by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) to be 0.06, 0.11, and 0.20, respectively, corresponding to the initial concentrations x = 0.08, 0.16, and 0.32. All the nanoparticles had the cubic structure and the lattice constant of Zn1−xMnxS phase increased with increasing Mn dopant concentration. For the Zn0.68Mn0.32S nanoparticles, there was evidence for appearance of cluster spin-glasslike behavior, as indicated by two maxima around 15 and 25 K in temperature dependence of ac susceptibility. The frequency independence of the peak at higher temperature is related to the intracluster ferromagnetic (FM) interactions, and the frequency dependence of the peak at lower temperature is associated with the spin glass. All the results revealed that the concentration of Mn2+ in Mn–ZnS and the amount of Mn3O4 were crucial for the cluster spin-glass behavior, which was not found when the real concentration (x) was unequal to 0.20 in Zn1−xMnxS.

Keywords

Chemical synthesisX-ray diffraction (XRD)Magnetic properties
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 22 , Issue 9 , September 2007 , pp. 2376 - 2383
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Norton, D.P., Pearton, S.J., Hebard, A.F., Theodoropoulou, N., Boatner, L.A.Wilson, R.G.: Ferromagnetism in Mn-implanted ZnO:Sn single crystal. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 239 2003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Balaz, P., Valko, M., Boldizarova, E.Briancin, J.: Properties and reactivity of Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles. Mater. Lett. 57, 188 2002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Peng, W.Q., Qu, S.C., Cong, G.W., Zhang, X.Q.Wang, Z.G.: Optical and magnetic properties of ZnS nanoparticles doped with Mn2+. J. Cryst. Growth 282, 179 2005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Schuler, T.M., Stern, R.A., McNorton, R., Willoughby, S.D., MacLaren, J.M.Ederer, D.L.: Electronic structure of the diluted magnetic semiconductor Zn0.90Mn0.10S obtained by soft x-ray spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. Phys. Rev. B 72, 045211 2005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Bhargava, R.N., Gallagher, D., Hong, X.Narmikko, A.: Optical properties of manganese-doped nanocrystals of ZnS. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 416 1994CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Yu, I.I.Senna, M.: Effects of Mn2+ distribution in Cu-modified ZnS on the concentration quenching of electroluminescence brightness. App. Phys. Lett. 66, 424 1995CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Lgarashi, T., Lsabe, T.Senna, M.: EPR study of Mn2+ electronic states for the nanosized ZnS:Mn powder modified by acrylic acid. Phys. Rev. B 56, 6444 1997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Konishi, M., Isobe, T.Senna, M.: Enhancement of photoluminescence of ZnS: Mn nanocrystals by hybridizing with polymerized acrylic acid. J. Lumin. 93, 1 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Behboudnia, M.Sen, P.: Systematics in the nanoparticle band gap of ZnS and Zn1xMxS (M= Mn, Fe, Ni) for various dopant concentrations. Phys. Rev. B 63, 035316 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Qu, S.C., Zhou, W.H., Liu, F.Q., Chen, N.F., Wang, Z.G., Pan, H.Y.Yu, D.P.: Photoluminescence properties of Eu3+-doped ZnS nanocrystals prepared in a water/methanol solution. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3605 2002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Brumage, W.H., Yarger, C.R.Lin, C.C.: Effect of the exchange coupling of Mn++ ions on the magnetic susceptibilities of ZnS:MnS crystals. Phys. Rev. 133, A765 1964CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Hoffmann, H., Gumlich, H.E., Kibmann, U., Pohl, U.W., Waldmann, H., Mahnke, H.E., Spellmeyer, B., Sulzer, G.Zeitz, W.: PAD-investigations on MnS cluster formation within the diluted magnetic semiconductor ZnMnS. Phys. B (Amsterdam) 185, 259 1993CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Heidrich, H.: Magnetic susceptibility and photomagnetic measurements on ZnS:MnS under low-field conditions with a SQUID magnetometer. Phys. State Sol. A 67, 163 1981CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Tsujii, N., Kitazawa, H.Kido, G.: Magnetic properties of Mn- and Eu-doped ZnS nanocrystals. J. Appl. Phys. 93, 6957 2003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Yuan, H.J., Yan, X.Q., Zhang, Z.X., Liu, D.F., Zhou, Z.P., Cao, L., Wang, J.X., Gao, Y., Song, L., Liu, L.F., Zhao, X.W., Dou, X.Y., Zhou, W.Y.Xie, S.S.: Synthesis, optical, and magnetic properties of Zn1−xMnxS nanowires grown by thermal evaporation. J. Cryst. Growth 271, 403 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Gaj, J.A., Gakazka, R.R.Nawrocki, M.: Giant exciton Faraday rotation in Cd1−xMnxTe mixed crystals. Solid State Commun. 25, 193 1978CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Furdyna, J.K.: Diluted magnetic semiconductors: An interface of semiconductor physics and magnetism (invited). J. Appl. Phys. 53, 7637 1982CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Shand, P.M., Christianson, A.D., Pekarek, T.M., Martinson, L.S., Schwritzer, J.W., Miotkowski, I.Crooker, B.C.: Spin-glass ordering in the diluted magnetic semiconductor Zn1−xMnxTe. Phys. Rev. B 58, 12876 1998CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Chung, J.H., Ah, C.S.Jang, D.J.: Formation and distinctive decay times of surface- and lattice-bound Mn2+ impurity luminescence in ZnS nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 4128 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Wang, Y., Herron, N., Moller, K.Bein, T.: Three-dimensionally confined diluted magnetic semiconductor cluster: Zn1−xMnxS. Solid State Commun. 77, 33 1991CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Geng, B.Y., Zhang, L.D., Wang, G.Z., Xie, T., Zhang, Y.D.Meng, G.W.: Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of ZnMnS nanobelts. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2157 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Pong, W.F., Mayanovic, R.A., Bunker, B.A., Furdyna, J.K.Debska, U.: Extended x-ray-absorption-fine-structure studies of Zn1−xMnxSe alloy structure. Phys. Rev. B 41, 8440 1990CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23Hepworth, M.T., Berns, J.J.Sadecki, K.A. Kinetics of Mn-based Sorbents for Hot Coal Gas Desulfurization., Final Technical Report, DE-FG22-94PC94212-11 (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 1997Google Scholar
24Pejakovic, D.A., Manson, J.L., Miller, J.S.Epstein, A.J.: Photoinduced magnetism, dynamics, and cluster glass behavior of a molecule-based magnet. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1994 2000CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25Freitas, R.S., Ghivelder, L., Damay, F., Dias, F.Cohen, L.F.: Magnetic relaxation phenomena and cluster glass properties of La0.7−xYxCa0.3MnO3 manganites. Phys. Rev. B 64, 144404 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Galazka, R.R., Nagata, S.Keeson, P.H.: Paramagnetic-spin-glass antiferromagnetic phase transitions in Cd1−xMnxTe from specific heat and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Phys. Rev. B 22, 3344 1980CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Eiselt, G., Kotzler, J., Maletta, H., Stauffer, D.Binder, K.: Magnetic “blocking” in very diluted (EuxSr1−x)S: Experiment versus theory. Phys. Rev. B 19, 2664 1979CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Zheng, R.K., Liu, H., Zhang, X.X., Roy, V.A.L.Djurišić, A.B.: Exchange bias and the origin of magnetism in Mn-doped ZnO tetrapods. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2589 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Loudghiri, E., Nogues, M., Taibi, M.Belayachi, A.: Preparation and magnetic interactions in Cd1−xZnxCr2Se4 spinel. M. J. Condensed Matter 5, 61 2004Google Scholar
30Twardowski, A., Swagten, H.J.M., de Jonge, W.J.M.Demianiuk, M.: Magnetic behavior of the diluted magnetic semiconductor Zn1−xMnxSe. Phys. Rev. B 36, 7013 1987CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31Hauser, J.J.Waszczak, J.V.: Spin-glass transition in MnO. Phys. Rev. B 30, 5167 1984CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Maignan, A., Sundaresan, A., Varadaraju, U.V.Ravean, B.: Magnetization relaxation and aging in spin-glass (La,Y)1−x CaxMnO3 (x = 0.25, 0.3 and 0.5) perovskite. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 184, 83 1998CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33Furdyna, J.K.: Diluted magnetic semiconductors. J. Appl. Phys. 64, R29 1988CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34Winkler, E., Zysler, R.D.Fiorani, D.: Surface and magnetic interaction effects in Mn3O4 nanoparticles. Phys. Rev. B 70, 174406 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar