Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2xdlg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-30T23:49:54.108Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Nothing about us, without us: A case study of a consumer-run organization by and for people on the autism spectrum in the Netherlands

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 September 2018

Karin E. van den Bosch*
Affiliation:
Disability Studies, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Anna Krzeminska
Affiliation:
Department of Marketing and Management, Faculty of Business & Economics, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
Eun Young Song
Affiliation:
Bartlett School of Construction & Project Management, University College London, London, UK
Lineke B. E. van Hal
Affiliation:
Verwey-Jonker Instituut, Kromme Nieuwegracht 6, Utrecht, Netherlands
Mitzi M. Waltz
Affiliation:
Disability Studies, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Hannah Ebben
Affiliation:
Disability Studies, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands Graduate School, Faculty of Development & Society, Sheffield Hallam University, Unit 9, Science Park, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, UK
Alice P. Schippers
Affiliation:
Disability Studies, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author: karinvdbosch@gmail.com

Abstract

In this exploratory case study based on qualitative research, we explore the perspectives and experiences of autistic self-advocates in the Netherlands regarding autism, (self-)advocacy, and consumer-run organizations. The focus of our study is a consumer-run organization by and for adult Persons on the Autism Spectrum in the Netherlands: PAS-Nederland or PAS for short. Our analysis reveals four themes relevant to the acceptance and integration of adults with autism into society and work: (1) invisibility of autistic adults; (2) diversity of the autism spectrum; (3) autistic leadership; and (4) collaboration between people with and without autism. We discuss the practical implications of our findings for the inclusion of people with autism in work and society. Our study underscores the importance of putting autistic people at the center of decision-making processes and solutions aimed at improving their outcomes in society, in general, and in the workplace specifically.

Type
Case Study
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Avery, D. R., & McKay, P. F. (2010). Doing diversity right: An empirically based approach to effective diversity management. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 25, 227252. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470661628.ch6 Google Scholar
Baird, G., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Meldrum, D., & Charman, T. (2006). Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP). Lancet, 368, 210215. https://doi.org/1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 Google Scholar
Belek, B. (2013). ‘I believe it can change the way things are’. Identity construction among video-bloggers with Asperger’s syndrome on YouTube. Diemen: AMB Publishers. Previously published as Master Thesis in Medical Anthropology and Sociology (2012), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Bergold, J., & Thomas, S. (2012). Participatory research methods: A methodological approach in motion. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 13(1). Retrieved from: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1201302 Google Scholar
Bleijenbergh, I. (2013). Kwalitatief onderzoek in organisaties. Den Haag: Boom Lemma Uitgevers.Google Scholar
Bowler, D. M., Gardiner, J. M., & Grice, S. J. (2000). Episodic memory and remembering in adults with Asperger syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(4), 295304. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005575216176 Google Scholar
Bradbury-Huang, H. (2010). What is good action research? Why the resurgent interest? Action Research, 8(1), 93109. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750310362435 Google Scholar
Brown, L. D., Shepherd, M. D., Merkle, E. C., Wituk, S. A., & Meissen, G. (2008a). Understanding how participation in a consumer-run organization relates to recovery. American Journal of Community Psychology, 42(1-2), 167178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-008-9184-x Google Scholar
Brown, L. D., Shepherd, M. D., Wituk, S. A., & Meissen, G. (2007). Goal achievement and the accountability of consumer-run organizations. Brief report. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 34(1), 7382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-006-9046-y Google Scholar
Brown, L. D., Shepherd, M. D., Wituk, S. A., & Meissen, G. (2008b). Introduction to the special issue on mental health self-help. American Journal of Community Psychology, 42(1-2), 105109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-008-9187-7 Google Scholar
Bruyère, S., & Barrington, L. (2012). Employment and work. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Bumiller, K. (2008). Quirky citizens: Autism, gender and reimagining disability. Signs: Journal of Woman in Culture and Society, 33(4), 967991. https://doi.org/10.1086/528848 Google Scholar
Chamak, B. (2008). Autism and social movements: French parents’ associations and international autistic individuals’ organisations. Sociology of Health & Illness, 30(1), 7696. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.01053.x Google Scholar
Charman, T. (2002). The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders. Recent evidence and future challenges. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 11(6), 249256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-002-0297-8 Google Scholar
Frambach, J. M., van der Vleuten, C. P., & Durning, S. J. (2013). AM last page: Quality criteria in qualitative and quantitative research. Academic Medicine, 88(4), 552. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e31828abf7f Google Scholar
Fujimoto, Y., & Härtel, C. E. J. (2010). A new vision of management: Full potential management model. Journal of Diversity Management, 5(4), 1929.Google Scholar
Fujimoto, Y., & Härtel, C. E. J. (2017). Organizational diversity learning framework: Going beyond diversity training programs (MLQ-14-0135). Personnel Review, 46(6), 11201141. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-09-2015-0254 Google Scholar
Fujimoto, Y., Härtel, C. E. J., & Azmat, F. (2013). Towards a diversity justice management model: Integrating organizational justice and diversity management. Social Responsibility Journal, 9(1), 148166. https://doi.org/10.1108/17471111311307877 Google Scholar
Fujimoto, Y., Rentschler, R., Le., H., Edwards, D., & Härtel, C. E. J. (2014). Lessons learned from community organizations: Inclusion of people with disabilities and others. British Journal of Management, 25(3), 518537. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12034 Google Scholar
Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., & Hamilton, A. L. (2013). Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research: Notes on the Gioia methodology. Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), 1531. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428112452151 Google Scholar
Härtel, C. E. J. (2004). Towards a multicultural world: Identifying work systems, practices and employee attitudes that embrace diversity. The Australian Journal of Management, 29(2), 189200. https://doi.org/10.1177/031289620402900203 Google Scholar
Härtel, C. E. J., & Fujimoto, Y. (2000). Diversity is not the problem - openness to perceived dissimilarity is. Journal of Management and Organization, 6(1), 1427. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1833367200005484 Google Scholar
Härtel, C. E. J., Härtel, G. F., & Trumble, R. B. (2013). IDADA: The individual difference approach to assessing and developing diversity awareness. Journal of Management and Organization, 19(1), 6074. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2013.4 Google Scholar
Härtel, C. E. J., Härtel, J. C. R., & Ramburuth, P. (2017). Religious diversity, identity and workplace inclusion. In J. Syed, A. Klarsfield, C. E. J. Härtel, & F. Ngunjiri (Eds.), Religious Diversity in the Workplace: Conflict, Harmony and Performance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Härtel, C. E. J., & O’Connor, J.M. (2015). Disabled persons in the workplace. In J. Syed, & M. Ozbilgin (Eds.), Managing Diversity and Inclusion: An International Perspective (pp. 215243). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hedley, D., Uljarević, M., & Hedley, D. F. E. (2017). Employment and living with autism: Personal, social and economic impact. In S. Halder, & L. Assaf (Eds.), Inclusion, Disability and Culture. Inclusive Learning and Educational Equity, Vol. 3, pp. 295311). Cham: Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55224-8_19 Google Scholar
Huws, J. C., & Jones, R.S.P. (2011). Missing voices: Representations of autism in British newspapers, 1999-2008. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 39(2), 98104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2010.00624.x Google Scholar
Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Participation Research Cluster. (2018). Participatory methods: http://www.participatorymethods.org/task/research-and-analyse Google Scholar
Jaarsma, P., & Welin, S. (2012). Autism as a natural human variation: Reflections on the claims of the neurodiversity movement. Health Care Analysis, 20(1), 2030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-011-0169-9 Google Scholar
Janzen, R., Nelson, G., Hausfather, N., & Ochocka, J. (2007). Capturing system level activities and impacts of mental health consumer-run organizations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39, 287299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9107-2 Google Scholar
Kan, C. C., Geurts, H. M., & Sizoo, B.B (Eds.) 2013). Multidisciplinaire richtlijn diagnostiek en behandeling van autismespectrumstoornissen bij volwassenen. Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Nederlands Instituut van Psychologen. Utrecht: De Tijdstroom Uitgeverij BV.Google Scholar
Kenny, L., Hattersley, C., Molins, B., Buckley, C., Povey, C., & Pellicano, E. (2016). Which terms should be used to describe autism? Perspectives from the UK autism community. Autism, 20(4), 442462. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361315588200 Google Scholar
Komeda, H., Kosaka, H., Saito, D. N., Mano, Y., Jung, M., Fujii, T., Yanaka, H. T., Munesue, T., Ishitobi, M., Sato, M., & Okazawa, H. (2015). Autistic empathy towards autistic others. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10(2), 145152. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsu126 Google Scholar
Lawrence, T. B., & Dover, G. (2015). Place and institutional work: Creating housing for the hard-to-house. Administrative Science Quarterly, 60(3), 371410. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839215589813 Google Scholar
Lengnick-Hall, M. L., Gaunt, P. M., & Kulkarni, M. (2008). Overlooked and underutilized: people with disabilities are an untapped human resource. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 255273. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20211 Google Scholar
Mair, J., Martí, I., & Ventresca, M. J. (2012). Building inclusive markets in rural Bangladesh: How intermediaries work institutional voids. Academy of Management Journal, 55(4), 819850. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0627 Google Scholar
Matson, J. L., & Kozlowski, A. M. (2011). The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 418425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.004 Google Scholar
Milton, D., Mills, R., & Pellicano, E. (2014). Ethics and autism: Where is the autistic voice? Commentary on Post et al. [Letter to the editor]. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 26502651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1739-x Google Scholar
Nederlandse Vereniging voor Autisme: www.autisme.nl Google Scholar
Neely, B. H., & Hunter, S. T. (2014). In a discussion on invisible disabilities, let us not lose sight of employees on the autism spectrum. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 7(2), 274277. https://doi.org/10.1111/iops.12148 Google Scholar
Ne’eman, A. (2013). Autism and the disability community: The politics of neurodiversity, causation and cure. Transcript of a talk for the center of ethics. Retrieved October 29, 2013, from http://www.disabilitystudies.emory.edu/home/news-events/transcripts-photos-videos/transcripts/ari-ne-eman-talk-transcript.html Google Scholar
Nelson, G., Janzen, R., Trainor, J., & Ochocka, J. (2008). Putting values into practice: Public policy and the future of mental health consumer-run organizations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 42(1-2), 192201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-008-9191-y Google Scholar
Orsini, M. (2012). Autism, neurodiversity and the welfare state: The challenges of accommodating neurological difference. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 45(4), 805827.Google Scholar
Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 42(5), 533544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y Google Scholar
Robertson, S.M. (2010). Neurodiversity, quality of life, and autistic adults: Shifting research and professional focuses onto real-life challenges. Disability Studies Quarterly, 30(1). Retrieved from http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/1069/1234 Google Scholar
Rosqvist, H. B., Brownlow, C., & O’Dell, L. (2015). An Association for All’—Notions of the meaning of autistic self-advocacy politics within a parent-dominated autistic movement. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 25, 219231. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2210 Google Scholar
Salem, D. A., Reischl, T. M., & Randall, K.W. (2008). The effect of professional partnership on the development of a mutual-help organization. American Journal of Community Psychology, 42(1-2), 179191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-008-9193-9 Google Scholar
Savarese, E. T., & Savarese, R. J. (2010). ‘The superior half of speaking’: An introduction. [Special issue: Autism and the concept of neurodiversity]. Disability Studies Quarterly, 30. Retrieved from http://www.dsq-sds.org/article/ view/1062/1230 Google Scholar
Schaller, J., & Yang, N. K. (2005). Competitive employment for people with autism: Correlates of successful closure in competitive and supported employment. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 49(1), 416. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00343552050490010201 Google Scholar
Segal, S. P., & Hayes, S.L. (2016). Consumer run services research and implications for mental health care. Epidemiology & Psychiatric Sciences, 25(5), 410416. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796016000287 Google Scholar
Sinclair, J. (1999). Why I dislike ‘person-first’ language. Republished in: Autonomy, the Critical Journal of Interdisciplinary Autism Studies (2013) vol. 1(2). Retrieved from http://www.larry-arnold.net/Autonomy/index.php/autonomy/article/view/22 Google Scholar
Solomon, P. (2004). Peer support/peer provided services. Underlying processes, benefits and critical ingredients. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 27(4), 392401. https://doi.org/10.2975/27.2004.392.401 Google Scholar
Trainor, J., Shepherd, M., Boydell, K. M., Leff, A., & Crawford, E. (1997). Beyond the service paradigm: The impact and implications of consumer/survivor initiatives. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 21(2), 132140. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095328 Google Scholar
Trau, R. N. C., Härtel, C. E. J., & Härtel, G. F. (2013). Reaching and hearing the invisible: Organizational research on invisible stigmatized groups via web surveys. British Journal of Management, 24(4), 532541. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2012.00826.x Google Scholar
Trau, R. N. C., & Härtel, C. E. J. (2007). Contextual factors affecting quality of work life and career attitudes of gay men. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 19(3), 207219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-007-9046-y Google Scholar
Van den Bosch, K.E. (2002). Ik word onderschat of overschat. In C. Schiltmans (Ed.), Autisme verteld. Verhalen van anders zijn (pp. 102198). Gent/Berchem, België: Vlaamse Vereniging Autisme en uitgeverij EPO.Google Scholar
Van den Bosch, K.E. (2005). Beeldvorming over seksualiteit. Congresbijdrage. In De Plaatse (Ed.), Autisme en seksualiteit. Opstellen over autisme in relatie tot seksualiteit en intimiteit (pp. 5969). Antwerpen/Apeldoorn: Uitgeverij Garant.Google Scholar
Van den Bosch, K.E. (2015). Autisme vanuit sociaal-constructivistisch perspectief. In H. Geurts, B. Sizoo, & I. Noens (Eds.), Autismespectrumstoornis. Interdisciplinair basisboek (pp. 185190). Leusden: Diagnosis Uitgevers.Google Scholar
Waltz, M. (2013). Autism: A social and medical history. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Waltz, M., Van den Bosch, K. E., Ebben, H., Van Hal, L., & Schippers, A. (2015). Autism self-advocacy in the Netherlands: past, present and future. Disability & Society, 30(8), 11741191. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2015.1090954 Google Scholar
Ward, M. J., & Meyer, R. N. (1999). Self-determination for people with developmental disabilities and autism: Two self-advocates’ perspectives. Focus on Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities, 14(3), 133140. https://doi.org/10.1177/108835769901400302 Google Scholar
Wituk, S., Vu, C. C., Brown, L. D., & Meissen, G. (2008). Organizational capacity needs of consumer-run organizations. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 35(3), 212219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-007-0162-7 Google Scholar
Yergeau, M. (2016). Occupying autism: Rhetoric, involuntarity, and the meaning of autistic lives. In P. Block, D. Kasnitz, A. Nishida, & N. Pollard (Eds), Occupying Disability: Critical Approaches to Community, Justice, and Decolonizing Disability (pp. 8395). Dordrecht: Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9984-3_6 Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

van den Bosch et al. supplementary material

Appendix S1

Download van den Bosch et al. supplementary material(File)
File 11.1 KB