Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T02:56:20.028Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control: A Framework for Action

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2021

Extract

The Proceedings of the National Summit on Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control is based on a two-part conceptual framework composed of public health and legal perspectives. The public health perspective comprises the six target areas and intervention settings that are the focus of the obesity prevention and control efforts of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

This paper presents the legal perspective. Legal preparedness in public health is the underpinning of the framework for the four “assessment” papers and the four “action” papers that are integral to the application of public health law to any particular health issue. In addition, this paper gives real-world grounding to the legal framework through examples that illustrate the four core elements of legal preparedness in public health that are at work in obesity prevention and control.

Type
JLME Supplement
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Dietz, W., and Hunter, A. S., “Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control: The Public Health Framework for Action,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 37 no. 2, Supplement (2009): 914.Google Scholar
Goodman, R. A. Moulton, A. D. Matthews, G. Shaw, F. Kocher, P. Mensah, G. Zaza, S., and Besser, R., “Law and Public Health at CDC,” MMWR 55, Supplement 2 (2006): 2933.Google Scholar
Public Health Service Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 201–300 (2007).Google Scholar
Moulton, A. D. Gottfried, R. N. Goodman, R. A. Murphy, A. M., and Ransom, R. D., “What Is Public Health Legal Preparedness?” Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics, 31 no. 4 (2003): 372383.Google Scholar
Ransom, M. M. Lopez, W. Goodman, R. A., and Moulton, A., “The National Action Agenda for Public Health Legal Preparedness” Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics, 36 no. 1 (2008): 179.Google Scholar
Perdue, W. C. Stone, L. A., and Gostin, L. O., “The Built Environment and Its Relationship to the Public's Health: The Legal Framework,” American Journal of Public Health, 93 no. 9 (2003): 1390–1394; Perdue W. C. Mensah G. A. GoodmanR. A., and >MoultonA. D., “A Legal Framework for Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 29 no. 5 S1 (2005): 139145; Parmet>W. E., “The Impact of Law on Coronary Heart Disease: Some Preliminary Observations on the Relationship of Law to ‘Normalized’ Conditions,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 30 no. 4 (2002): 608–620; MelloM. M.StuddertD. M., and BrennanT. A., “obesity – The New Frontier of Public Health Law,” New England Journal of Medicine,354 no. 24 (2006): 2601–2610; SchillingJ., and Linton>L. S., “The Public Health Roots of Zoning,”American Journal of Preventive Medicine 28, no. S2S (2005): 96-104.Google Scholar
Heath, G. W. Brownson, R. C. Krueger, J. Miles, R. Powell, K. E., and Ramsey, L. T., “The Effectiveness of Urban Design, Land Use, and Transport Policies to Increase Physical Activity: A Systematic Review,” Journal of Physical Activity and Health 3 Supplement 1 (2006): 555576.Google Scholar
Mensah, G. A. Goodman, R. A. Zaza, S. Moulton, A. D. Kocher, P. L. Dietz, W. H. Pechacek, T. F., and Marks, J. S., “Law as a Tool for Preventing Chronic Diseases: Expanding the Range of Effective Public Health Strategies,” Preventing Chronic Disease, 1 no. 1 and no. 2 (2004): 18 and 1–6.Google Scholar
Kentucky Revised Statutes, § 158.854(1)(2)(c).Google Scholar
Indiana Code, § 20-26-9-2.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Measuring Competitive Foods in Schools: Methods and Challenges, available at http://www.fns.usda.gov/oane/menu/Published/CNP/FILES/CompFoodSum.pdf (last visited February 19, 2009).Google Scholar
Trust for America's Health, “F as in Fat: How Obesity Policies Are Failing in America,” 2008, at 44–46, available at http://www.healthyamericans.org (last visited February 19, 2009).Google Scholar
New York City Health Code, § 47.37.Google Scholar
Story, M. Kaphingst, K. M., and French, S., “The Role of Child Care Settings in Obesity Prevention,” The Future of Children, 16 no. 1 (2006): At 160.Google Scholar
Mississippi Code Annotated, § 37-13-134.Google Scholar
New York City Health Code, § 47.36.Google Scholar
New York City Health Code, § 47.36 (2007) and § 47.71 (2008).Google Scholar
Daily Dish Blog, “Council Bans New Fast-Food Outlets in South L.A.,” Los Angeles Times, July 30, 2008, available at http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/dailydish/2008/07/council-bans-ne.html (last visited February 19, 2009).Google Scholar
Mair, J. S. Pierce, M. W., and Teret, S. P., The Use of Zoning to Restrict Fast Food Outlets: A Potential Strategy to combat Obesity, 2005, available at http://www.publichealthlaw.net/Zoning%20Fast%20Food%20Outlets.pdf (last visited February 19, 2009).Google Scholar
California Health & Safety Code, § 114094 (2008)Google Scholar
See Trust for America's Health, supra note 12, at 8.Google Scholar
Referendum Repeals Maine Statute, Public Law 2007, c. 629, “An Act to Continue Maine's Leadership in Covering the Uninsured.” See also, Maine Repeal Dirigo Tax Referendum, 2008, available at http://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php/Repeal_Dirigo_Tax (last visited February 19, 2009).Google Scholar
See Trust for America's Health, supra note 22 at p. 60.Google Scholar
Id., at 64.Google Scholar
National Conference of State Legislatures, “50 State Summary of Breastfeeding Laws,” August 2008, available at http://www.ncsl.org/programs/health/breast50.htm (last visited February 20, 2009).Google Scholar
Indiana Code, § 4-1-2-1.Google Scholar
Indiana Code, § 6–3.1–31.2.Google Scholar
Mello, M. M. Rosenthal, M. B., “Wellness Programs and Lifestyle Discrimination – The Legal Limits,” New England Journal of Medicine, 359 no. 2 (2008): 192199.Google Scholar
Hodge, J. G. Garcia, A. M., and Shah, S., “Legal Themes Concerning Obesity Regulation in the United States: Theory and Practice,” Australia and New Zealand Health Policy, 5 no. 14 (2008).Google Scholar
Indiana Code, § 5-10-8-7.7.Google Scholar
RUDD Center for Food Policy and Obesity, “Weight Bias,” 2008, available at http://yaleruddcenter.org/what_we_do.aspx?id=10 (last visited February 20, 2009).Google Scholar
Elliot-Larsen Civil Rights Act of 2000; Michigan Statutes Annotated § 3,548(102)Google Scholar
District of Columbia, Human Rights Law Subchapter II, Sec. 1–2512, (D.C. Code Ann. 1–2501 (1987 & Supp. 1993).Google Scholar
San Francisco, , Police Code art. 33 (2000); Santa Cruz, Municipal Code ch. 9.83 (1999)Google Scholar
New York City Health Code § 81.50 (2006)Google Scholar
New York State Restaurant Association vs. New York City Board of Health et al., 509 F. Supp. 2d 351; 2007 U.S. Dist.Google Scholar
New York City Health Code § 81.50 (2008)Google Scholar
New York State Restaurant Association vs. New York City Board of Health et al., 545 F. Supp. 2d 363, 2008 U.S. Dist.Google Scholar
Public Health Law and Policy, General Plans and Zoning: A Toolkit on Land Use and Health, 2006, at 7–1, available at http://www.healthyplanning.org/toolkit/finalbook.pdf (last visited February 20, 2009).Google Scholar
City of Richmond [California] General Plan Update: Community Health and Wellness, working draft version 1.0, October 2007, available at http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/docs.php?oid=1000000663&oig=1000000507 (last visited February 20, 2009).Google Scholar
CDC Public Health Law Program, “Forensic Epidemiology Version 3.0 and Public Health Emergency Law Version 3.0,” available at http://www2.cdc.gov/phlp/phel.asp (last visited February 20, 2009).Google Scholar
Giang, T. Karpyn, A. Laurison, H. B. Hillier, A., and Perry, R. D., “Closing the Grocery Gap in Underserved Communities: The Creation of the Pennsylvania Fresh Food Financing Initiative,” Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 14 no. 3 (2008): 272279.Google Scholar
The Food Trust, “Supermarket Campaign: Fresh Food Financing Initiative,” available at http://www.thefoodtrust.org/php/programs/super.market.campaign.php (last visited February 20, 2009).Google Scholar
Boarnet, M. G. Anderson, C. L. Day, K. McMillan, T, and Alfonzo, M., “Evaluation of the California Safe Routes to School Legislation,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28 no. 2S2 (2005): 134140.Google Scholar
>The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users, Public Law 109–59 § 1404.The+Safe,+Accountable,+Flexible,+Efficient+Transportation+Equity+Act:+A+Legacy+for+Users,+Public+Law+109–59+§+1404.>Google Scholar
National Center for Safe Routes to School, “Task Force Members,” available at http://www.saferoutesinfo.org/task_force/task_force_members.cfm (last visited February 20, 2009).Google Scholar
CDC, Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs, 2007, available at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/tobacco_control_programs/stateandcommunity/best_practices (last visited February 20, 2009).Google Scholar
Personal communication with Marice Ashe, Director, Public Health Law and Policy with author Moulton, Anthony D., on August 22, 2008.Google Scholar
See supra note 40.Google Scholar
Public Health Law and Policy, How to Create and implement Healthy General Plans, available at http://www.healthyplanning.org/toolkit_healthygp.html (last visited February 20, 2009).Google Scholar
National Center for Safe Routes to School, “Safe Routes,” available at http://www.saferoutesinfo.org (last visited February 20, 2009).Google Scholar
Tri-County Health Department. Health Impact Assessment, Derby Development, 2007, available at http://www.tchd.org/pdfs/HIA%20final%209-27.pdf (last visited February 20, 2009).Google Scholar
Partnership for Prevention/UCLA School of Public Health, Health Impact Assessment of California's Proposition 49: After School Education and Safety Act of 2002, available at http://www.ph.ucla.edu/hs/health-impact/docs/AfterschoolProp49_HIA_02-27-03.pdf (last visited February 20, 2009).Google Scholar
CDC, “Health Impact Assessment,” available at http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/hia.htm (last visited February 20, 2009).Google Scholar
UCLA School of Public Health, “Health Impact Assessment,” available at http://www.ph.ucla.edu/hs/health-impact/ (last visited Aug. 13, 2008).Google Scholar
Halpern, S. D. Ubel, P. A., and Asch, D. A., “Harnessing the Power of Default Options to Improve Health Care,” New England Journal of Medicine, 357 no. 13 (2007): 13401344.Google Scholar