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³ See Harlow, Vincent T., The Founding of the Second British Empire, 1763–93 (2 vols., London, 1952–1964)Google Scholar, and the commentaries of Pares, Richard, English Historical Review, LXVIII (1953), 282–5Google Scholar, and Hyam, Ronald, ‘British Imperial Expansion in the late Eighteenth Century’, The Historical Journal, x (1967), 113–24.Google Scholar

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¹² For this argument, in a different form, see Castlereagh to Duke of Manchester, Governor of Jamaica, 4 June 1808, ibid., VI, 366–7.

¹³ Instructions to Whitelocke, , 5 03 1807, B.M., Add. 37886, f. 150.Google Scholar

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¹⁹ See, for example, the views of various consultants in Castlereagh Papers, VII, 270, 291, 435, 436; see also Selkirk, , ‘Observations’, B.M., Add. 37884, f. 12.Google Scholar

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²³ Thomas Irving, Inspector General of Customs, Nov. 1786, in Armytage, Frances, The Free Port System in the British West Indies. A Study in Commercial Policy, 1766–1822 (London, 1953)Google Scholar; see also B.M., Add. 38345, ff. 208–13, for a text of Irving's report on the free port system.

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²⁵ Armytage, , The Free Port System, pp. 92–3Google Scholar. The total value of British exports to ‘all parts of the world’ rose from £22 million to £40 million between 1790 and 1808, according to an official estimate.

²⁶ Real orden to Viceroy of Río de la Plata, 4 March 1795, Archivo General de Indias, Indif. Gen., 844; Documentos para la historia argentina (Buenos Aires, 1913), VII, 89.Google Scholar

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³¹ Memorandum, 15 02 1807Google Scholar, Arthur, , second Duke of Wellington (ed.), Supplementary Despatches, Correspondence and Memoranda of Field Marshal, Arthur, Duke of Wellington (hereinafter cited as Supplementary Despatches) (15 vols., London, 1858–1872), VI, 59–60.Google Scholar

³² See Crouzet, François, L'Economie Britannique et le Blocus Continentale (1806–1813) (2 vols., Paris, 1958), 1, 68–9Google Scholar. This figure is open to question. According to another estimate, about 1805 the woollen industry exported 35 per cent of its final product, the iron and steel industry 23·6 per cent; see Deane, Phyllis and Cole, W. A., British Economic Growth 1688–1959 (2nd ed., Cambridge, 1967), pp. 196, 225.Google Scholar

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⁴⁴ Picton, to Dundas, , 21 04 1799, B.M., Add. 36870, ff. 17–18Google Scholar; Picton, to Prigge, , 5 07 1799Google Scholar, ibid., ff. 25V–6.

⁴⁵ Robertson, , Life of Miranda, I, 169.Google Scholar

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⁵⁴ Popham, to Yorke, , 26 11 1803, Castlereagh Papers, VII, 288–93Google Scholar. Miranda subsequently claimed that conquest in die Río de la Plata ‘may have been the plans of General Beresford and Sir Home Popham but they certainly never were of the British Ministers I have just mentioned [Melville, Pitt and Addington], nor of mine’, Miranda, to Cochrane, Alex, 4 06 1807, N.L.S., Cochrane Papers 2320, f. 114.Google Scholar

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⁵⁶ Popham, to Melville, , 18 09 1804, B.M., Add. 41080, ff. 46–9vGoogle Scholar. Popham wrote that even should Miranda do no more than open channels of communication with Venezuela then ‘Trinidad will be one of the finest possessions under the Crown and independent of its military advantages and naval capabilities it will be the most liberal export channel for all our manufactures that I am acquainted with’, Popham, to Melville, , 11 10 1804, Add. 41080, ff. 70–1v.Google Scholar

⁵⁷ Printed in ‘Miranda and die British Admiralty, 1804–1806’, American Historical Review, VI (1901), 509–17.Google Scholar

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⁷⁵ Resolution of the town of Manchester, 25 09 1806, B.M., Add. 34457, f. 40Google Scholar; letters to Auckland, 21 09 and 9 10 1806Google Scholar, ibid., ff. 38, 73.

⁷⁶ Jacob, to Windham, , 24 09 1806, B.M., Add. 37884, f. 167.Google Scholar

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⁸³ Memorandum of 1 05 1807, Castlereagh Papers, VI, 314–24.Google Scholar

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^{page 26 note 2} Auckland, to Grenville, , 16 03, 21 03 and 9 04 1806; Dropmore Papers, VIII, 59, 63, 87.Google Scholar

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^{page 28 note 9} In the second category 25 of the licences were issued for trade to Buenos Aires after its occupation by Popham's expedition.

^{page 28 note 10} Auckland, to Grenville, , 14 09 1806, Dropmore Papers, VIII, 332.Google Scholar

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^{page 29 note 14} Crouzet, , L'Economie Britannique et le Blocus Continentale, I, 248–72, 284–313, 322–55.Google Scholar

^{page 29 note 15} Humphreys, R. A. (ed.), British Consular Reports on the Trade and Politics of Latin America, 1824–1826 (London, 1940), p. 20.Google Scholar

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