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ODECA: Common Market Experiment in an Under-Developed Area
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 January 2018
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The integration process can be intensified and accelerated not only by specialization resulting from broadening of markets through liberalization of trade but also through use of such instruments as agreements for complementary production within economic sectors … Title III, Declaration of Punta del Este, Montevideo, 1961.
The European pattern of economic integration has found expression in the Western Hemisphere in three politically divergent, widelyseparated regional groupings. One such group is the now-defunct West Indies Federation, a rearrangement of the remaining bits and pieces of British colonialism in the Caribbean region. Another is the Latin American Free Trade Association, straddling gaps from Mexico to Argentina, which appears to be a superficial bid for economic affinity among the more developed Latin American nations. But the most vigorous approach to regional economic integration is being pursued by the Organization for the Economic Development of Central America, which boldly proposes to weld at least five individually inefficient, insufferably nationalistic entities into one productive effort capable of initiating and sustaining economic take-off. Thus, in Central America, regional integration is being enforced even before national identity has fully emerged.
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References
1 H. W. Springer, The West Indies Emergent: Problems and Prospects, Chapter I in The West Indies Federation, Research Series Number 23, The American Geographical Society, 1961, edited by David Lowenthal, pp. 1-17.
2 The Latin American Free Trade Association, originally comprising Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, became effective June 2, 1961. For the text of the Treaty of Montevideo establishing this organization, see the annex to United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America, Report of Committee of the Whole, 7th session, Santiago, Chile (Doc. E/CN 12/AC 45/E) 1960. See also The Emerging Common Markets in Latin America, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, September 1960, pp. 154-160.
3 Joseph Pincus, The Five Central American Economic Integration Agreements, International Cooperation Administration, Public Administration Division, 1960, 15 p., mimeo.
4 For a recent and complete summation of the long range problem of Central- American integration see: Thomas Karnes, Failure of Union-Central America: 1824- 1960, Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 1961, 254 p.
5 Statistical Abstract of Latin America, 1961, Center of Latin American Studies, University of California at Los Angeles, Plate 22, pp. 42-44.
6 Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, United Nations, Vol. 15, No. 4, April, 1961, and Statistical Yearbook, United Nations, 1959, Table 1.
7 Ibid., Table 49.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid., and Commodity Trade Statistics, Part II, Exports, Series D, Vol. X, No. 4, United Nations, 1961, pp. A41-A44.
10 Computed from Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, 1959. Vol. 1, United Nations, 1960.
11 Direction of International Trade, 1960, Series T, Vol. XI, No. 9, New York, pp. 121-163.
12 Statistical Abstract of Latin America, computed from Plate 16, p. 3 and Plate 22, pp. 42-44.
13 Direction of International Trade, he. cit.
14 Statistical Abstract of Latin America, loc. cit.
15 Ibid.
16 Direction of International Trade and Statistical Abstract of Latin America, loc. cit.
17 The Central American Economic Integration Program, United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America/B, October 1959, pp. 23-47. One of the earliest pronouncements on this subject, in La Gaceta Oficial de Guatemala for February 19, 1844, favored free trade among Central-American states but protective tariffs beyond this area.
18 Ibid.
19 United Nations, Committee on Economic Cooperation in Central America, Report 1957-58 (Doc. E/CN 12/492; E/CN 12/CCE/151), N. Y., 1959, 72 p. This document contains the complete text of the four essential treaties.
20 Organization of American States, General Treaty for Central American Economic Integration, Official Records, OEA/Ser. H/X.l, Information Document No. 5, July 14, 1961, 15 p.
21 United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America, Committee for the Whole, E/CN, 12/AC, 47/1, Economic and Social Development, Report of Committee 1, 13 May 1961, 42 p., and news release dated January 10, 1962, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D. C.
22 See the English edition of the Treaty of Rome Establishing the European Economic Community. Published by the Secretariat of the Interim Committee for the Common Market and Euratom, Brussels, 1957, and distributed by HMSO, London. For extended excerpts of the most salient provisions of the treaty, see The European Common Market, American Management Association, 1958, pp. i-xxxvi.
23 U. S. Department of Commerce, Investment in Central America, Bureau of Foreign Commerce, American Republics Division, Washington, D. C, 1957, p. 34.
24 Dewhurst, Coppock, Yates, Europe's Needs and Resources, New York, Twentieth Century Fund, 1961, p. 818 ff.
25 Title III, IV, and Resolutions B.l and Cl-7, Alliance for Progress, OAS Official Records OEA/SER H/XII.l, Pan American Union, Washington, D. C, 1961.
26 Organization of American States, Council, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Effects of the European Economic Community on Latin American Economies, Chapter II, Document 19, OEA/Ser. E/XI.l, Pan American Union, 1959, 85 p.
27 Delwart, Louis, The Future of Latin American Exports to the United States — 1965 and 1970, Washington, D. C, National Planning Association, 1960, 130 p.Google Scholar
28 Zimmermann, Erich, World Resources and Industries, New York, Harper and Bros., 1951, p. 123.Google Scholar