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“Foreign Aid” to Brazil from Private U.S. Sources
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 January 2018
Extract
At every recent session of the United States Congress foreign aid has been debated, criticized, and eventually enacted into law. Unfortunately, results of the foreign aid program have been less miraculous than its proponents anticipated. Instead of free, happy and productive allies, we find that discontented, disappointed and even resentful nations are recipients of U. S. “foreign aid.”
The frustrations and failures inherent in a governmental foreign aid program were publicized by the best-selling polemic, The Ugly American. The authors insisted that much of the trouble with foreign aid was to be found in the naïvete of its originators, the ignorance and incompetence of its administrators, and the general insensitivity of Americans toward peoples of other lands. The indictment provoked angry denials from advocates of foreign aid, and managed to obscure the positive achievements of two decades of assistance by the United States government to many countries where ignorance, poverty and disease were considered to be ineradicable.
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- Copyright © University of Miami 1963
References
* William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick, New York, W. W. Norton, 1958.
1 Wharton, Clifton R., Jr., “The Nature of Technical Assistance for Economic Development,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, VI, No. 2 (January, 1958), p. 120.Google Scholar
2 Guerrant, Edward O., Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1950, p. 129.Google Scholar
3 The 1956 Southern Baptist Convention Annual, p. 173, reports that $1,055,- 338.46 was spent in Brazil in 1955.
4 Mosher, Arthur T., Case Study of the Agricultural Program of ACAR in Brazil, National Planning Association, “Technical Cooperation in Latin America,” December, 1955, p. 17.Google Scholar
* Value in U. S. dollars at time of writing.
5 Associagáo de Crédito e Assisténcia Rural, Dez Anos a Servido do Povo Rural de Minas Gerais, 1949-1959, p. 1.
6 Ibid., p. 44.
7 The 4-H clubs of the United States became 4-S clubs in Spanish and Portuguese. Saber, Sentir, Servir, Saúde — the Portuguese words for Knowledge, Feeling, Service and Health — are free translations of Head, Heart, Hand, and Health.
8 Mosher, op. cit., p. 57.
9 AIA and its IBEC Research Institute Division, Progress Report, New York, N. Y., May, 1958, p. 3.
10 Maddox, James G., Technical Assistance by Religious Agencies in Latin America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956)Google Scholar, National Planning Association, “Reports on Technical Cooperation in Latin America.”
11 AIA, Progress Report, May, 1958, p. 16.
12 Letter from Wayland Zwayer, Executive Secretary of the Technical Assistance Information Clearing House, New York, New York, December 10, 1959.
13 Heifer Project, Inc., brochure, no date.
14 Letter from Robert S. Zigler, Director of Operations, Heifer Project, Inc., Upper Darby, Pa., Jan. 21, 1960.
15 Letter from Millard F. Collins, Associate Executive Secretary, Y.M.C.A., New York, New York, January 7, 1960.
16 Letter from Clara Langerhaus, Field Service Counselor, American Foundation for the Overseas Blind, New York, New York, December 29, 1959.
17 Maddox, op. cit.
18 Reviews of this book have pointed out that his estimates are not very scientific. Hispanic American Report, IX, No. 12 (December, 1956), 612.
19 U. S. Foreign Operations Administration, Monthly Operations Report, December, 1953, p. 54, lists $3.8 million as allocated for use in Brazil in 1953.
20 Arthur Raper, “The Role of Pilot and Demonstration Projects in Community Development Work,” International Cooperation Administrative, Community Development Bulletin, September, 1956, p. 31.
21 Supra, p. 258.
22 Maddox, op. cit., p. 53.
23 Hispanic American Report, X, No. 10 (Oct. 1957), p. 558.
24 Maddox, op. cit., p. 55.
25 ICA, Community Service Bulletin, September, 1956.