Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T01:07:40.942Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Infection levels of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats in Papua New Guinea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2012

M. Koinari ,
S. Karl ,
U. Ryan  and
A.J. Lymbery
M. Koinari*
Affiliation:
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia6150, Australia
S. Karl
Affiliation:
School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
U. Ryan
Affiliation:
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia6150, Australia
A.J. Lymbery
Affiliation:
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia6150, Australia
*
*Fax: 61 89310 414 E-mail: M.Koinari@murdoch.edu.au
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Gastrointestinal parasites of livestock cause diseases of important socio-economic concern worldwide. The present study investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats in lowland and highland regions of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Faecal samples were collected from a total of 165 small ruminants (110 sheep and 55 goats) from February to April 2011. Analysis by a modified McMaster technique revealed that 128 animals (72% of sheep and 89% of goats) were infected with one or more species of gastrointestinal parasites. The gastrointestinal parasites found and their prevalences in sheep (S) and in goats (G) were as follows: strongyle 67.3% (S), 85.5% (G); Eimeria 17.3% (S), 16.4% (G); Strongyloides, 8.2% (S), 23.6% (G); Fasciola, 5.5% (S), 18.2% (G); Trichuris, 1.8% (S), 3.6% (G); and Nematodirus, 1.8% (S), 3.6% (G). Two additional genera were found in goats: Moniezia (9.1%) and Dictocaulus (3.6%). This is the first study to quantitatively examine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats in PNG. The high rates of parasitism observed in the present study are likely to be associated with poor farming management practices, including lack of pasture recovery time, lack of parasite control measures and poor-quality feed.

Type
Research Papers
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 87 , Issue 4 , December 2013 , pp. 409 - 415
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abebe, R., Gebreyohannes, M., Mekuria, S., Abunna, F. & Regassa, A. (2011) Gastrointestinal nematode infections in small ruminants under the traditional husbandry system during the dry season in southern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health Production 42, 1111–1117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alemu, S., Leykun, E.G., Ayelet, G. & Zeleke, A. (2006) Study on small ruminant lungworms in northeastern Ethiopia. Veterinary Parasitology 142, 330–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Quaisy, H.H., Al-Zubaidy, A.J., Altaif, K.I. & Makkawi, T.A. (1987) The pathogenicity of haemonchosis in sheep and goats in Iraq: 1. Clinical, parasitological and haematological findings. Veterinary Parasitology 24, 221–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, R.L. & Gray, G.D. (2004) Appropriate breeds and breeding schemes for sheep and goats in the tropics. pp. 63–75in Sani, R.A., Gray, G.D. & Baker, R.L. (Eds) Worm control for small ruminants in tropical Asia. ACIAR Monograph No. 113. Canberra, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research.Google Scholar
Banks, D.J., Singh, R., Barger, I.A., Pratap, B. & Le Jambre, L.F. (1990) Development and survival of infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis on pasture in a tropical environment. International Journal for Parasitology 20, 155–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barger, I.A., Siale, K., Banks, D.J. & Le Jambre, L.F. (1994) Rotational grazing for control of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in a wet tropical environment. Veterinary Parasitology 53, 109–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berrag, B. & Urquhart, G.M. (1996) Epidemiological aspects of lungworm infections of goats in Morocco. Veterinary Parasitology 61, 81–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bourke, M.R. (2010) Altitudinal limits of 230 economic crop species in Papua New Guinea. pp. 473–513in Haberle, S.G., Stevenson, J. & Prebble, M. (Eds) Altered ecologies: fire, climate and human influence on terrestrial landscapes. Canberra, The ANU E Press.Google Scholar
Cheah, T.S. & Rajamanickam, C. (1997) Epidemiology of gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep in wet tropical conditions in Malaysia. Tropical Animal Health Production 29, 165–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dagnachew, S., Amaute, A. & Temesgen, W. (2011) Epidemiology of gastrointestinal helminthiasis of small ruminants in selected sites of North Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 15, 57–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorny, P., Symoens, C., Jalila, A., Vercruysse, J. & Sani, R. (1995) Strongyle infections in sheep and goats under the traditional husbandry system in peninsular Malaysia. Veterinary Parasitology 56, 121–136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dryden, M.W., Payne, P.A., Ridley, R. & Smith, V. (2005) Comparison of common fecal flotation techniques for the recovery of parasite eggs and oocysts. Veterinary Therapeutics 6, 15–28.Google ScholarPubMed
Gadahi, J.A., Arshed, M.J., Ali, Q., Javaid, S.B. & Shah, S.I. (2009) Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of sheep and goat in and around Rawallpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Veterinary World 2, 21–53.Google Scholar
Gupta, R.P., Yadav, C.L. & Chaudhri, S.S. (1987) Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in Haryana, India. Veterinary Parasitology 24, 117–127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoste, H., Torres-Acosta, J.F. & Aguilar-Caballero, A.J. (2008) Nutrition–parasite interactions in goats: is immunoregulation involved in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes? Parasite Immunology 30, 79–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanyari, P.W.N., Kagira, J.M. & Mhoma, R.J. (2009) Prevalence and intensity of endoparasites in small ruminants kept by farmers in Kisumu Municipality, Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development 21, (11). Available at http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/11/kany21202.htm (accessed 15 January 2012).Google Scholar
Khan, M.N., Sajid, M.S., Khan, M.K., Iqbal, Z. & Hussain, A. (2010) Gastrointestinal helminthiasis: prevalence and associated determinants in domestic ruminants of district Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. Parasitology Research 107, 787–794.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kyriazakis, I. & Houdijk, J. (2006) Immunonutrition: nutritional control of parasites. Small Ruminant Research 62, 79–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macfarlane, D. (2000) Country pasture/forage resource profiles Papua New Guinea FAO database. Available atwww.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Counprof/southpacific/png.htm (accessed accessed January 2012).Google Scholar
Maichomo, M.W., Kagira, J.M. & Walker, T. (2004) The point prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in calves, sheep and goats in Magadi division, south-western Kenya. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 71, 257–261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLeod, R.S. (1995) Costs of major parasites to the Australian livestock industries. International Journal for Parasitology 25, 1363–1367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nwosu, C.O., Madu, P.P. & Richards, W.S. (2007) Prevalence and seasonal changes in the population of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants in the semi-arid zone of north-eastern Nigeria. Veterinary Parasitology 144, 118–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owen, I.L. (1988) Field trials with closantel and Haemonchus contortus in sheep in Papua New Guinea. Australian Veterinary Journal 65, 267–270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owen, I.L. (1989) The epidemiology of fasciolosis in Papua New Guinea. Australian Veterinary Journal 66, 58–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owen, I.L. (1998) A study of the contamination of sheep pasture with nematode larvae in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Science in New Guinea 24, 3–9.Google Scholar
Quartermain, A.R. (2002) Conservation of domestic animal genetic resources in Papua New Guinea. NARI Technical Bulletin Series, Technical Bulletin No. 4. Lae, National Agriculture Research Institute.Google Scholar
Quartermain, A.R. (2004) Internal parasites of small ruminants in Papua New Guinea. pp. 241–248in Sani, R.A., Gray, G.D. & Baker, R.L. (Eds) Worm control for small ruminants in tropical Asia. ACIAR Monograph No. 113. Canberra, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research.Google Scholar
Regassa, F., Sori, T., Dhuguma, R. & Kiros, Y. (2006) Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of ruminants in Western Oromia, Ethiopia. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine 4, 51–57.Google Scholar
Sharma, R.L. (1994) Parasitic bronchitis in goats and the possible use of Dictyocaulus filaria vaccine for its control. Veterinary Parasitology 51, 255–262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simpson, H.V. (2000) Pathophysiology of abomasal parasitism: is the host or parasite responsible? Veterinary Journal 160, 177–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soulsby, E.J.L. (1965) Textbook of veterinary clinical parasitology. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Varghese, T. & Yayabu, R. (1985) Ovine coccidia in Papua New Guinea. Veterinary Parasitology 17, 181–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitlock, H.V. (1948) Some modifications of the McMaster helminth egg counting technique and apparatus. Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research 21, 177–180.Google Scholar
Yadav, A.K. & Tandon, V. (1989) Gastrointestinal nematode infections of goats in a sub-tropical and humid zone of India. Veterinary Parasitology 33, 135–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar