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Immunization with adult Schistosoma mansoni tegument, treated with sub-curative praziquantel, partially protects mice against the infection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2019

B.E.W. El-Aswad Open the ORCID record for B.E.W. El-Aswad [Opens in a new window] ,
N.M. Harba ,
I.M. Moharm  and
S.F. Mahmoud
B.E.W. El-Aswad*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
N.M. Harba
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
I.M. Moharm
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
S.F. Mahmoud
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
*
Author for correspondence: B.E.W. El-Aswad; E-mail: bahaaelaswad@gmail.com, elaswadbahaa@yahoo.com
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Abstract

The tegument of schistosomes is a source of many potential anti-Schistosoma vaccine molecules. This work aimed to assess the protective effects of the adult Schistosoma mansoni tegument treated (TT) with sub-curative praziquantel (PZQ), whether in vivo (in vivo TT) or in vitro (in vitro TT), in murine schistosomiasis. In vitro TT and in vivo TT showed great similarity, and they differed from untreated tegument antigen (Teg) in terms of quantity and quality of protein bands on SDS–PAGE. Two immunization trials were performed, each with 50 mice, divided randomly into five groups of 10 mice each: (1) uninfected control mice (UC), (2) infected mice given phosphate buffer saline + adjuvant (PBS + adjuvant), (3) infected, Teg vaccinated, (4) infected, in vivo TT vaccinated, and (5) infected, in vitro TT vaccinated. All the immunizations with antigens induced mixed Th1/Th2 immune responses, as indicated by significantly high (P < 0.001) specific IgG2a and IgG1 levels, with Th1 predominating, as shown by a diminished IgG1/IgG2a ratio, as well as a high serum concentration of IFN-γ, an absence of IL-4 and increased IL-10. In vitro TT gave the most pronounced response. With respect to reduction of total worm burden, relative to PBS + adjuvant mice, in vitro TT achieved the highest significant (P < 0.001) results, followed by in vivo TT and Teg (51.8–57.04%, 44.6–50.2% and 35.2–39.3%, respectively). In scanning electron microscopy studies, all the tested antigens caused tegumental changes in adult worms, with the worst occurring with in vitro TT, such as retracted ventral sucker, an effect on the gynaecophoric canal, and changes to tubercles. In conclusion, in vitro TT, which is cheap to prepare, could be a potential vaccine against S. mansoni.

Keywords

praziquantelSchistosomategumentvaccine
Type
Research Paper
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 94 , 2020 , e26
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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