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Sepulchral Customs in Ancient Phrygia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Extract

The monument represented on the accompanying plate (No. XLIV.), is situated near the village of Liyen, and is familiar to the natives of the surrounding district underthe name Arslan Kaya, Lion Rock. It is about seven miles west-north-west of the cluster of monuments at Ayazeen, described in this Journal, 1882, p. 1 ff, and several less important archaic tombs exist at Bei Keui and other places between Liyen and Ayazeen, so that this whole series may be grouped together and distinguished from the other series which surrounds the tomb of Midas. It is probable that the two groups belong to two distinct Phrygian cities of great antiquity—two of those cities whose former existence was known to Strabo (p. 567), but which had ceased to exist long before his time. It will be convenient, in want of the ancient names, to distinguish these two ancient cities by reference to the Roman towns which stood near them—Meros at Kumbet, near the Midas-tomb, and Metropolis south of Ayazeen.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1884

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References

page 241 note 1 Liyen is not marked on Kiepert's map, where the whole district in which the Phrygian monuments are situated is almost a blank. It is a village on the road from Afium Kara Hissar to Kutayah, seven hours from the former, eleven hours from the latter, and about two hours south-east of Doghan Arslan which is indicated on Kiepert's map.

page 241 note 2 The total height is probably about fifty to sixty feet; but it is difficult to judge. The drawings on Pl. XLIV. have unfortunately been made too tall. My sketches on the spot were restricted to the sculptured part of the rock.

page 243 note 1 Arslan Kaya has suffered more from the weather than any other of the great monuments in Phrygia: the others are protected by projecting parts of the rock overhead.

page 243 note 2 On a later visit I observed that the inscription is hopelessly obliterated.

page 243 note 3 The sphinx on the right is much more dilapidated than that on the left. It seemed better in drawing to restore it exactly on the analogy of its better-preserved neighbour.

page 244 note 1 Compare his account of Delikli Tash and his note on the Midas-tomb.

page 244 note 2 The sex is doubtful, owing to mutilation of the surface.

page 246 note 1 This detail can be gathered from the difference of angle at the two elbows, though the bad preservation of the image makes it difficult to be certain.

page 246 note 2 I formerly attempted to identify Metropolis with Augustopolis, a site nine miles S.E. of Tchorgia: I wish here to correct the error. See Mittheilungen Instit. Ath. 1882, p. 137.

page 246 note 3 Conni seems to have been an insignificant town under the empire; no coins are known, unless some ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΙΤΩΝ belong to it. Prymnessos was at Seulun, three miles S.E. of Afium Kara Hissar. It was certainly a city of importance, and perhaps exercised some authority over the neighbouring Metropolis.

page 247 note 1 On a second visit I convinced myself that these are the facts: the lines on the forepaw of each lioness do not indicate a pair of paws.

page 247 note 1 Furtwängler, , Goldfund von Vettersfelde, p. 16Google Scholar, who refers to Antiq. du Bosphor., Pl. 26, 1.

page 248 note 1 Furtwängler, l.c.

page 248 note 2 I am responsible for every curve and every other scientific detail: the delicacy of the drawing is due to a more skilful hand than mine.

page 249 note 1 With the Phrygian use of the maeander pattern compare Arch. Ztg. 1884, Pl. ix., Figs. 2, 5.

page 250 note 1 Tembris on a coin of Midaion, Thymbres in Livy, Tembrogius in Pliny (N. H. vi. 1) and in an unpublished inscription.

page 251 note 1 Nos. 1 and 3 were copied by Mr. Sterrett and myself in company, No. 2 by me alone.

page 251 note 2 The engraver has omitted two letters in line three.

page 252 note 1 Merkez in Turkish means ‘headquarters’: the seat of government of the Haimaneh was established here two years ago, having previously been at the village of Sivri. There was no village at the baths, till the spot was selected as the Merkez of the Haimaneh, and when we visited it, in 1883, there were only about fifteen new houses around the government offices.

page 256 note 1 Menandros and his wife had therefore three θρεπτοί or θρέμματα.

page 260 note 1 As I remarked above, this stone is quite certainly sepulchral.

page 261 note 1 In 5 ΠΕ, 6 ΤΗ⊏. in 7 ΤΗ liée.

page 261 note 2 As a votive relief belonging to a shrine of the Hero Pergamos.

page 261 note 3 It is probable, but not certain, that the iota adscriptum was expressed in Γεργάμῳ. The name Ἀσκλᾶς is of course supplied merely exempli gratia, as being nearly of the length required for the gap. The first line ends with Η.

page 262 note 1 Dr. Fränkel's interpretation of the relief seems otherwise the same as that given here.

page 262 note 2 came into use quite as early as 200 B.C.