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Tensile Strength of Compressed Snow Formed on Roads

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2017

T. Nakamura
Affiliation:
Shinjo Branch, National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, Shinjo, Yamagata-ken, Japan
H. Nakamura
Affiliation:
Shinjo Branch, National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, Shinjo, Yamagata-ken, Japan
M. Higashiura
Affiliation:
Shinjo Branch, National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, Shinjo, Yamagata-ken, Japan
O. Abe
Affiliation:
Shinjo Branch, National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, Shinjo, Yamagata-ken, Japan
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Abstract

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Tensile fracture strengths of fine-grained compressed high-density snow, of compressed and metamorphosed high-density snow-ice, of fine-grained naturally settled snow, and of snow-ice artificially made from the settled snow by freezing with absorbed water, were obtained at constant deformation speeds (constant strain-rates) in a temperature range of 264 to 270K. No remarkable temperature dependence of fracture stresses was observed in this temperature range. A critical deformation speed in a tensile test above which all the snow samples, except settled snow, fractured, was 4.2 × 10–7 m s–1. The fracture strength ρ (in N m–2) varied with snow density ρ (kg m–3) as σ = 2.5 × 104 × 1.004 6ρ. In a power-law relationship between strain-rate and maximum stress, ∝ σn, the constant n obtained was 5.3 for all the unfractured snow samples.

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Copyright © International Glaciological Society 1977