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Vortex generation due to internal solitary wave propagation past a sidewall constriction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2021

David Deepwell Open the ORCID record for David Deepwell [Opens in a new window] ,
Cameron Clarry ,
Christopher Subich Open the ORCID record for Christopher Subich [Opens in a new window]  and
Marek Stastna
David Deepwell*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaT6G 2E1, Canada
Cameron Clarry
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 1A1, Canada
Christopher Subich
Affiliation:
Meteorological Research Division, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Dorval, QuebecH9P 1J3, Canada
Marek Stastna
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
*
†Email address for correspondence: deepwell@ualberta.ca
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Abstract

Internal solitary waves in the coastal ocean propagate in a complex environment, with variations in the background currents and stratification and with topography along both the bottom (e.g. sills) and sides (e.g. headlands). We present direct numerical simulations of internal solitary wave propagation past an isolated sidewall constriction on laboratory scales. We find that the wave-induced currents generate separation regions which develop into vortices above and below the wave-deformed pycnocline. These vortices yield horizontal tracer exchange between the near-wall region and channel interior and vertical transport sufficient to lift pycnocline fluid near to the surface. Quantitatively, the height of the vertical transport was found to be proportional to the square of the vertical vorticity. Increases in the wave amplitude and the aspect ratio of the constriction (height to width) led to stronger vortices, greater lateral and vertical transport and enhanced density overturning. We compare and contrast these findings with the literature on isolated bottom topography, focusing on the inherently three-dimensional nature (vorticity aligned perpendicular to isopycnals) of the instability in the sidewall case as opposed to typical instabilities caused by internal solitary waves.

JFM classification

Geophysical and Geological Flows: Internal waves Vortex Flows: Vortex dynamics Geophysical and Geological Flows: Stratified flows
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 913 , 25 April 2021 , A47
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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Deepwell et al. supplementary movie

Time evolution of isopycnals for the base case. Successive frames are 0.5 s apart.

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