Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xm8r8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-28T09:31:12.068Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Two-dimensional impervious sails: experimental results compared with theory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2006

B. G. Newman  and
H. T. Low
B. G. Newman
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal
H. T. Low
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal Permanent address: Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, National University of Singapore.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Experiments have been made on quasi two-dimensional sails of small camber and at small incidence. Four excess-length ratios have been tested at a Reynolds number of 1.2 x 105. The results for lift, tension, centre of lift, maximum camber and its position, and leading- and trailing-edge membrane angles have been compared with existing inviscid theories and show poor agreement in general. This is attributed to leading- and trailing-edge flow separations as indicated by supplementary flow-visualization experiments. The optimum incidences in particular are much greater than the theoretical value of 0°. Luffing occurs at slightly negative incidences and appears to be a dynamic instability. The highest lift-to-drag ratio obtained was 16.5 on a membrane with an excess-length ratio of 0.03.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 144 , July 1984 , pp. 445 - 462
Copyright
© 1984 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barakat, R. 1968 Incompressible flow around porous two-dimensional sails and wings. J. Maths & Phys. 47, 327–349.Google Scholar
Chapleo, A. Q. 1968 A review of two-dimensional sails. Univ. Southampton SUYR Rep. 23.Google Scholar
Irvine, H. M. 1979 A note on luffing in sails. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 365, 345–347.Google Scholar
Jackson, P. S. 1983 A simple model for elastic two dimensional sails. AIAA J. 21, 153–155.Google Scholar
Low, H. T. 1982 Planar two-dimensional flow past membranes. Ph.D. thesis, McGill University.
Marchaj, C. A. 1979 Aero-Hydrodynamics of Sailing. Dodd Mead.
Milgram, J. H. 1971 Sail force coefficients for systematic rig variations. Soc. Nav. Arch. and Mar. Engng T. & R. Rep. R-10.Google Scholar
Milgram, J. H. 1972 Sailing vessels and sails. Ann. Rev. of Fluid Mech. 4, 397–430.Google Scholar
Murai, H. & Maruyama, S. 1980 Theoretical investigation of the aerodynamics of double membrane sailwing aerofoil sections. J. Aircraft 17, 294–299.Google Scholar
Murai, H. & Maruyama, S. 1982 Theoretical investigation of sailwing airfoils taking account of elasticities. J. Aircraft 19, 385–389.Google Scholar
Newman, B. G. 1982 The aerodynamics of flexible membranes. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 5, 107–129.Google Scholar
Newman, B. G. & Low, H. T. 1981 Two-dimensional flow at right angles to a flexible membrane. Aero. Q. 32, 243–269.Google Scholar
Nielsen, J. N. 1963 Theory of flexible aerodynamic surfaces. Trans. ASME E: J. Appl. Mech. 30, 435–442.Google Scholar
Ormiston, R. A. 1971 Theoretical and experimental aerodynamics of the sailwing. J. Aircraft 8, 77–81.Google Scholar
Pankhurst, R. C. & Holder, D. W. 1952 Wind tunnel technique. Pitman.
Robert, J. & Newman, B. G. 1979 Lift and drag of a sail aerofoil. Wind Engng 3, 1–22.Google Scholar
Robinson, A. & Laurmann, J. A. 1956 Wing Theory. Cambridge University Press.
Schmitz, F. W. 1942 Aerodynamik des Flugmodells. C. J. E. Volckmann, Berlin.
Sweeney, T. E. 1961 Exploratory sailwing research at Princeton. Aero Engng Rep. 578.Google Scholar
Thwaites, B. 1960 Incompressible Aerodynamics. Oxford University Press.
Thwaites, B. 1961 Aerodynamic theory of sails. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 261, 402–422.Google Scholar
Vanden-Broeck, J. M. 1982 Nonlinear two-dimensional sail theory. Phys. Fluids 25, 402–423.Google Scholar
Voelz, Van K. 1950 Profil und Auftrieb eines Segels. Z. angew. Math. Mech. 30, 301–317.Google Scholar
Wygnanski, I. & Gartshore, I. S. 1963 General description and calibration of the McGill 17 in. x 30 in. blower cascade wind tunnel. Mech. Engng Res. Lab. Tech. Note 63–7, McGill University.