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Two mechanisms of droplet splashing on a solid substrate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2017

Zhen Jian ,
Christophe Josserand Open the ORCID record for Christophe Josserand [Opens in a new window] ,
Stéphane Popinet ,
Pascal Ray  and
Stéphane Zaleski
Zhen Jian
Affiliation:
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7190, Institut Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Control for Flight Vehicle, International Center for Applied Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
Christophe Josserand*
Affiliation:
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7190, Institut Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7646, 91128 Palaiseau, France
Stéphane Popinet
Affiliation:
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7190, Institut Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France
Pascal Ray
Affiliation:
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7190, Institut Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France
Stéphane Zaleski
Affiliation:
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7190, Institut Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France
*
†Email address for correspondence: christophe.josserand@upmc.fr
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Abstract

We investigate droplet impact on a solid substrate in order to understand the influence of the gas in the splashing dynamics. We use numerical simulations where both the liquid and the gas phases are considered incompressible in order to focus on the gas inertial and viscous contributions. We first confirm that the dominant gas effect on the dynamics is due to its viscosity through the cushioning of the gas layer beneath the droplet. We then describe an additional inertial effect that is directly related to the gas density. The two different splashing mechanisms initially suggested theoretically are observed numerically, depending on whether a jet is created before or after the impacting droplet wets the substrate. Finally, we provide a phase diagram of the drop impact outputs as the gas viscosity and density vary, emphasizing the dominant effect of the gas viscosity with a small correction due to the gas density. Our results also suggest that gas inertia influences the splashing formation through a Kelvin–Helmholtz-like instability of the surface of the impacting droplet, in agreement with former theoretical works.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Drops Drops and Bubbles: Drops and Bubbles Interfacial Flows (free surface): Interfacial Flows (free surface)
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 835 , 25 January 2018 , pp. 1065 - 1086
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Copyright
© 2017 Cambridge University Press 

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