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Prediction of the droplet size distribution in aerodynamic droplet breakup

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2022

Isaac M. Jackiw Open the ORCID record for Isaac M. Jackiw [Opens in a new window]  and
Nasser Ashgriz Open the ORCID record for Nasser Ashgriz [Opens in a new window]
Isaac M. Jackiw
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
Nasser Ashgriz*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
*
†Email address for correspondence: ashgriz@mie.utoronto.ca
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Abstract

The rim and bag dynamics in aerodynamic droplet breakup are investigated experimentally and theoretically. Three main modes contribute to the breakup sizes in aerodynamic droplet breakup: the rim node, the remaining rim and the bag breakup modes. However, existing models only consider one mode and are, therefore, unable to predict the size distribution. The present theoretical work seeks to model the dominant breakup mechanisms of each mode and to relate these mechanisms to the size distribution. It is shown that the nodes can be modelled using either the Rayleigh–Taylor or Rayleigh–Plateau instabilities with comparable results and that the variation in the node sizes results from the variation in the amount of mass in the rim that flows into the node prior to the rim breakup. The breakup of the rim is shown to be a result of a combination of the Rayleigh–Plateau instability and a newly proposed collision mechanism, wherein the impact of the corrugated receding rim of the bag with the main rim forces the main rim to break with the same wavelength as the receding rim. The resulting size distribution of the droplet breakup is estimated assuming that the relative weighting of the breakup mechanisms for each mode follows a two-parameter gamma distribution. The volume of each geometry is used to estimate the volume weighting of the modes, giving a reasonable prediction of the size distribution resulting from aerodynamic droplet breakup.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Aerosols/atomization Drops and Bubbles: Drops Drops and Bubbles: Breakup/coalescence
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 940 , 10 June 2022 , A17
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Jackiw and Ashgriz supplementary movie 1

Node formation and breakup on the rim. Experiment conditions are annotated with the elapsed non-dimensional time. In parentheses is the dimensional time in ms. Playback speed is 15 FPS.

Download Jackiw and Ashgriz supplementary movie 1(Video)
Video 1.2 MB

Jackiw and Ashgriz supplementary movie 2

Nascent nodes on the receding rim of the bag. Experiment conditions are annotated with the elapsed non-dimensional time. In parentheses is the dimensional time in ms. Playback speed is 2 FPS.

Download Jackiw and Ashgriz supplementary movie 2(Video)
Video 216.5 KB

Jackiw and Ashgriz supplementary movie 3

Collision of the corrugated receding rim with the main rim, instigating the breakup of the main rim. Experiment conditions are annotated with the elapsed non-dimensional time. In parentheses is the dimensional time in ms. Playback speed is 2 FPS.

Download Jackiw and Ashgriz supplementary movie 3(Video)
Video 348.2 KB

Jackiw and Ashgriz supplementary movie 4

Example where both the Rayleigh-Plateau and the collision mechanism contribute to the breakup of the rim. Experiment conditions are annotated with the elapsed non-dimensional time. In parentheses is the dimensional time in ms. Playback speed is 5 FPS.

Download Jackiw and Ashgriz supplementary movie 4(Video)
Video 744.9 KB
Supplementary material: File

Jackiw and Ashgriz supplementary material

Supplementary data

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