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Modelling the first droplet emission from an electrified liquid meniscus hanging at the nozzle tip

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2024

Hao Chen Open the ORCID record for Hao Chen [Opens in a new window] ,
Guozhen Wang Open the ORCID record for Guozhen Wang [Opens in a new window] ,
Tao An ,
Zhouping Yin  and
Haisheng Fang Open the ORCID record for Haisheng Fang [Opens in a new window]
Hao Chen
Affiliation:
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
Guozhen Wang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
Tao An
Affiliation:
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
Zhouping Yin
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
Haisheng Fang*
Affiliation:
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: hafang@hust.edu.cn
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Abstract

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD)-induced droplet emission is an efficient method for the production of micron- and submicron-sized droplets in technological applications. Existing studies propose several scaling laws to determine the size of the emitted droplet. However, they have usually focused on the tip streaming phenomena of a droplet when subjected to a uniform electric field. In most applications, a non-uniform distribution of the electric field is created owing to the nozzle-to-plate configuration. Here, we employ an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method to demonstrate the mechanism of the first droplet emission from an electrified liquid meniscus with a fixed volume hanging at the nozzle tip. The critical condition when tip streaming occurs is determined using our numerical results. A phase diagram in terms of the electric field and initial liquid volume is presented to obtain the commonly used jetting mode. The effects of the liquid volume, electric field strength and electrical conductivity of the liquid on the processes of jet formation and breakup are further investigated. We find a particularly non-monotonic dependence of the size of the emitted droplet on the electrical conductivity. These findings could be useful for generating microdroplets and improving injection frequency in EHD printing technology.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Electrohydrodynamic effects Drops and Bubbles: Drops Drops and Bubbles: Breakup/coalescence
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 987 , 25 May 2024 , A38
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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