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Mechanisms and models of particle drag enhancements in turbulent environments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2023

Cheng Peng Open the ORCID record for Cheng Peng [Opens in a new window]  and
Lian-Ping Wang Open the ORCID record for Lian-Ping Wang [Opens in a new window]
Cheng Peng*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
Lian-Ping Wang
Affiliation:
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Turbulence Research and Applications, Center for Complex Flows and Soft Matter Research and Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Data-Driven Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Applications, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: pengcheng@sdu.edu.cn
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Abstract

This study conducts direct numerical simulations of free-streaming turbulence passing over individual fixed particles and particle arrays of different number densities. The purpose is to investigate the changes in the mean particle drag due to turbulent environments and the responsible mechanisms. It is confirmed that turbulent environments significantly enhance the particle drag relative to the standard drag in a uniform flow, and the nonlinear dependency of the drag force on the instantaneous incoming flow velocity is insufficient to explain the enhancement. Two mechanisms of particle–turbulence interactions are found to be responsible for the particle drag enhancements. The first mechanism is the enlarged pressure drops on the particle surface, mainly governed by the large scales in turbulent flows. The second mechanism is the increased viscous stresses on the particle surface, dominated by the small scales that enhance the mixing of the low- and high-speed fluids across the particle boundary layer. In terms of quantitative drag enhancement predictions, more general models accounting for the anisotropy of the turbulence are proposed, which fit well with both the simulation data generated in this study and those reported in the literature. Finally, by measuring the drag forces of laminar and turbulent flows passing over arrays of particles, it is found that the overall particle drag increases with decreasing particle–particle relative gap distance. However, the relative enhancement due to turbulence decreases with the particle–particle relative gap distance.

JFM classification

Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Particle/fluid flow
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 959 , 25 March 2023 , A30
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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