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Experimental study of vortex ring impingement on concave hemispherical cavities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2023

Tanvir Ahmed Open the ORCID record for Tanvir Ahmed [Opens in a new window]  and
Byron D. Erath Open the ORCID record for Byron D. Erath [Opens in a new window]
Tanvir Ahmed*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
Byron D. Erath
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: tanvahm@clarkson.edu
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Abstract

Discrete vortex rings impinging on concave hemispherical cavities were explored experimentally. Planar laser-induced fluorescence, two-dimensional particle image velocimetry and flow visualization techniques were employed. Five different ratios of vortex ring to hemisphere cavity radius ($\gamma$) were investigated, namely, $\gamma = 1/4,1/3,2/5,$$1/2, 2/3$. For $\gamma = 1/4,1/3, 2/5$, the geometric confinement of the primary ring due to the hemispherical cavity induced loop-like instabilities in the secondary ring, which led to head-on collision and ejection of the looped ends as they orbited the primary ring. As the hemispherical cavity decreased in diameter (increasing $\gamma$), the dynamics were altered significantly due to the increased generation of vorticity along the edge of the hemisphere. For $\gamma = 1/2$, vorticity produced at the edge/lip of the hemisphere ultimately disrupted the classical formation of a secondary vortex ring from the wall-bounded vorticity. For $\gamma = 2/3$, the primary ring and hemisphere radius were close enough in size that the interaction was dominated by direct impact of the primary ring with the lip of the cavity. The primary vortex ring produced a vortex ring at the lip of the hemisphere that ultimately separated from the cavity, orbited around the primary ring, and then self-advected in the direction opposite to the primary vortex ring trajectory. A detailed investigation of the dynamics provided.

JFM classification

Vortex Flows: Vortex interactions Vortex Flows: Vortex dynamics
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 967 , 25 July 2023 , A38
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 1

Vorticity and velocity field of a vortex ring impinging on a flat plate (γ =0).
Download Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 1(Video)
Video 9.3 MB

Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 2

Vorticity and velocity field of a vortex ring impinging on a concave hemispherical surface (γ =1/4, 1/3, and 2/5).

Download Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 2(Video)
Video 14.8 MB

Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 3

Planar laser induced fluorescence flow visualization of the secondary vortex ring development following collision of a primary vortex ring with a concave hemispherical surface (γ =1/4, 1/3, and 2/5).

Download Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 3(Video)
Video 25.2 MB

Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 4

Planar laser induced fluorescence flow visualization of the primary vortex ring impinging on a concave hemispherical surface (γ =1/4, 1/3, and 2/5).

Download Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 4(Video)
Video 24.4 MB

Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 5

Front view of dye flow visualization of the secondary vortex ring development following collision of a primary vortex ring with a concave hemispherical surface (γ =1/4, 1/3, and 2/5).

Download Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 5(Video)
Video 24.8 MB

Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 6

Top view of dye flow visualization of the secondary vortex ring development following collision of a primary vortex ring with a concave hemispherical surface (γ =1/4, 1/3, and 2/5).

Download Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 6(Video)
Video 19.6 MB

Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 7

Vorticity and velocity field of a vortex ring impinging on a concave hemispherical surface (γ =1/2).

Download Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 7(Video)
Video 7.9 MB

Ahmed and Erath Supplementary Movie 8

Vorticity and velocity field of a vortex ring impinging on a concave hemispherical surface (γ =2/3).

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Video 10 MB
Supplementary material: File

Ahmed and Erath supplementary material

Ahmed and Erath supplementary material 9

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File 322.9 KB