Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-20T21:11:51.841Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of superhydrophobicity on the flow past a circular cylinder in various flow regimes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2020

P. Sooraj ,
Mallah Santosh Ramagya ,
Majid Hassan Khan Open the ORCID record for Majid Hassan Khan [Opens in a new window] ,
Atul Sharma Open the ORCID record for Atul Sharma [Opens in a new window]  and
Amit Agrawal Open the ORCID record for Amit Agrawal [Opens in a new window]
P. Sooraj
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai,Mumbai4000076, India
Mallah Santosh Ramagya
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai,Mumbai4000076, India
Majid Hassan Khan
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai,Mumbai4000076, India
Atul Sharma
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai,Mumbai4000076, India
Amit Agrawal*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai,Mumbai4000076, India
*
†Email address for correspondence: amit.agrawal@iitb.ac.in
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The flow over a superhydrophobic and a smooth circular cylinder is investigated using particle image velocimetry-based experiments. The objective is to understand the effect of surface modification on the ensuing flow. The experiments are conducted over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, $Re=45{-}15\,500$, thereby uncovering the effect of superhydrophobicity in various flow regimes of a cylinder wake. Superhydrophobicity is found to substantially affect the flow. An increased recirculation length is observed for the superhydrophobic cylinder in the steady regime. The onset of vortex shedding is delayed for the superhydrophobic cylinder. The superhydrophobic cylinder helps in an early rolling-up of vortices; therefore, the recirculation length reduces in unsteady regimes. The velocity deficit experienced by the superhydrophobic cylinder wake is comparatively less and the effect is more profound in the $Re$ range 300–860. A maximum drag reduction of 15 % is observed at $Re=860$. The Reynolds shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy values are higher for the superhydrophobic cylinder in the unsteady regime. Also, the peaks of the turbulent wake parameters lie closer to the superhydrophobic cylinder compared to the smooth cylinder. The effect of superhydrophobicity on coherent structures is examined using proper orthogonal decomposition, and a considerable difference in the wake structure is noticed at $Re=860$. A larger number of coherent structures and change in vortex shedding pattern to $\text{P}+\text{S}$ are observed in the near wake of the superhydrophobic cylinder. The results of this study show that surface modification can reduce the drag coefficient and have a profound effect on the near wake.

JFM classification

Flow Control: Drag reduction Wakes/Jets: Wakes
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 897 , 25 August 2020 , A21
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aljallis, E., Sarshar, M. A., Datla, R., Sikka, V., Jones, A. & Choi, C. H. 2013 Experimental study of skin friction drag reduction on superhydrophobic flat plates in high Reynolds number boundary layer flow. Phys. Fluids 25, 025103.Google Scholar
Berkooz, G., Holmes, P. & Lumley, J. L. 1993 The proper orthogonal decomposition in the analysis of turbulent flows. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 25, 539–575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohl, D. G. & Koochesfahani, M. M. 2009 MTV measurements of the vortical field in the wake of an airfoil oscillating at high reduced frequency. J. Fluid Mech. 620, 63–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boutilier, M. S. & Yarusevych, S. 2012 Parametric study of separation and transition characteristics over an airfoil at low Reynolds numbers. Exp. Fluids 52, 1491–1506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brennan, J. C., Fairhurst, D. J., Morris, R. H., McHale, G. & Newton, M. I. 2014 Investigation of the drag reducing effect of hydrophobized sand on cylinders. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47, 205302.Google Scholar
Castagna, M., Mazellier, N. & Kourta, A. 2018 Wake of super-hydrophobic falling spheres: influence of the air layer deformation. J. Fluid Mech. 850, 646–673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, H., Jeon, W. P. & Kim, J. 2008 Control of flow over a bluff body. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 40, 113–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, C. H. & Kim, C. J. 2006 Large slip of aqueous liquid flow over a nanoengineered superhydrophobic surface. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 066001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniello, R., Muralidhar, P., Carron, N., Greene, M. & Rothstein, J. P. 2013 Influence of slip on vortex-induced motion of a superhydrophobic cylinder. J. Fluids Struct. 42, 358–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniello, R. J., Waterhouse, N. E. & Rothstein, J. P. 2009 Drag reduction in turbulent flows over superhydrophobic surfaces. Phys. Fluids 21, 085103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, S., Karniadakis, G. E., Ekmekci, A. & Rockwell, D. 2006 A combined direct numerical simulation–particle image velocimetry study of the turbulent near wake. J. Fluid Mech. 569, 185–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harichandan, A. B. & Roy, A. 2010 Numerical investigation of low Reynolds number flow past two and three circular cylinders using unstructured grid CFR scheme. Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow 31, 154–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeong, J. & Hussain, F. 1995 On the identification of a vortex. J. Fluid Mech. 285, 69–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, M. H., Sooraj, P., Sharma, A. & Agrawal, A. 2018 Flow around a cube for Reynolds numbers between 500 and 55 000. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 93, 257–271.Google Scholar
Kim, N., Kim, H. & Park, H. 2015 An experimental study on the effects of rough hydrophobic surfaces on the flow around a circular cylinder. Phys. Fluids 27, 085113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leal, L. G. 1989 Vorticity transport and wake structure for bluff bodies at finite Reynolds number. Phys. Fluids A 1, 124–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J., Kim, H. & Park, H. 2018 Effects of superhydrophobic surfaces on the flow around an NACA0012 hydrofoil at low Reynolds numbers. Exp. Fluids 59, 111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S. B., Kang, W. & Sung, H. J. 2008 Organized self-sustained oscillations of turbulent flows over an open cavity. AIAA J. 46, 2848–2856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S. J. 2004 POD analysis of near-wake structures of an elliptic cylinder adjacent to a free surface. J. Vis. 7, 179–186.Google Scholar
Lee, S. J., Lim, H. C., Han, M. & Lee, S. S. 2005 Flow control of circular cylinder with a V-grooved micro-riblet film. Fluid Dyn. Res. 37, 246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legendre, D., Lauga, E. & Magnaudet, J. 2009 Influence of slip on the dynamics of two-dimensional wakes. J. Fluid Mech. 633, 437–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, J. C., Towfighi, J. & Rockwell, D. 1995 Instantaneous structure of the near-wake of a circular cylinder: on the effect of Reynolds number. J. Fluids Struct. 9, 409–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lumley, J. L. 1981 Coherent structures in turbulence. Trans. Turbul. 1, 215–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClure, J. & Yarusevych, S. 2019 Planar momentum balance in three-dimensional flows: applications to load estimation. Exp. Fluids 60, 41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meneghini, J. R., Saltara, F., Siqueira, C. L. & Ferrari, J. A. 2001 Numerical simulation of flow interference between two circular cylinders in tandem and side-by-side arrangements. J. Fluids Struct. 15, 327–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muralidhar, P., Ferrer, N., Daniello, R. & Rothstein, J. P. 2011 Influence of slip on the flow past superhydrophobic circular cylinders. J. Fluid Mech. 680, 459–476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ou, J., Perot, B. & Rothstein, J. P. 2004 Laminar drag reduction in microchannels using ultrahydrophobic surfaces. Phys. Fluids 16, 4635–4643.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ou, J. & Rothstein, J. P. 2005 Direct velocity measurements of the flow past drag-reducing ultrahydrophobic surfaces. Phys. Fluids 17, 103606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ouvrard, H., Koobus, B., Dervieux, A. & Salvetti, M. V. 2010 Classical and variational multiscale LES of the flow around a circular cylinder on unstructured grids. Comput. Fluids 39, 1083–1094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pescini, E., Francioso, L., De Giorgi, M. G. & Ficarella, A. 2015 Investigation of a micro dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator for regional aircraft active flow control. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 43, 3668–3680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prasad, A. & Williamson, C. H. 1997 Three-dimensional effects in turbulent bluff-body wakes. J. Fluid Mech. 343, 235–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothstein, J. P. 2010 Slip on superhydrophobic surfaces. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 42, 89–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sirovich, L. 1987 Turbulence and the dynamics of coherent structures. I. Coherent structures. Q. Appl. Maths 45, 561–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sooraj, P. & Agrawal, A. 2018 Flow around a corrugated airfoil. J. Flow Vis. Image Proc. 25, 145–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sooraj, P., Agrawal, A. & Sharma, A. 2018 Measurement of drag coefficient for an elliptical cylinder. J. Energy Environ. Sustain. 5, 1–7.Google Scholar
Sooraj, P., Jain, S. & Agrawal, A. 2019 Flow over hydrofoils with varying hydrophobicity. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 102, 479–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strouhal, V. 1878 About a special kind of the toner excitation. Ann. Phys. 241, 216–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supradeepan, K. & Roy, A. 2014 Characterisation and analysis of flow over two side by side cylinders for different gaps at low Reynolds number: a numerical approach. Phys. Fluids 26, 063602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thielicke, W. & Stamhuis, E. 2014 PIVlab–towards user-friendly, affordable and accurate digital particle image velocimetry in MATLAB. J. Open. Res. Soft. 2, e30.Google Scholar
Unal, M. F. & Rockwell, D. 1988 On vortex formation from a cylinder. Part 1. The initial instability. J. Fluid Mech. 190, 491–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, L., Yang, J., Zhu, Y., Li, Z., Sheng, T., Hu, Y. M. & Yang, D. Q. 2016 A study of the mechanical and chemical durability of Ultra-Ever Dry Superhydrophobic coating on low carbon steel surface. Colloids Surf. A 497, 16–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wieselsberger, C. 1921 Recent statements on the laws of liquid and air resistancy. Phys. Z 22, 321–328.Google Scholar
Williamson, C. H. 1996a Three-dimensional wake transition. J. Fluid Mech. 328, 345–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, C. H. 1996b Mode A secondary instability in wake transition. Phys. Fluids 8, 1680–1682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, C. H. 1996c Vortex dynamics in the cylinder wake. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 28, 477–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wornom, S., Ouvrard, H., Salvetti, M. V., Koobus, B. & Dervieux, A. 2011 Variational multiscale large-eddy simulations of the flow past a circular cylinder: Reynolds number effects. Comput. Fluids 47, 44–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
You, D. & Moin, P. 2007 Effects of hydrophobic surfaces on the drag and lift of a circular cylinder. Phys. Fluids 19, 081701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, B., Wang, X., Guo, W., Zheng, J. & Tan, S. K. 2015 Experimental measurements of the drag force and the near-wake flow patterns of a longitudinally grooved cylinder. J. Wind Engng Ind. Aerodyn. 145, 30–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar