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Activity-induced migration of viscous droplets on a solid substrate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 January 2023

A. Aggarwal Open the ORCID record for A. Aggarwal [Opens in a new window] ,
E. Kirkinis Open the ORCID record for E. Kirkinis [Opens in a new window]  and
M. Olvera de la Cruz Open the ORCID record for M. Olvera de la Cruz [Opens in a new window]
A. Aggarwal
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University , Evanston IL 60208, USA Center for Computation and Theory of Soft Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston IL 60208, USA
E. Kirkinis*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University , Evanston IL 60208, USA Center for Computation and Theory of Soft Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston IL 60208, USA
M. Olvera de la Cruz
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University , Evanston IL 60208, USA Center for Computation and Theory of Soft Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston IL 60208, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: kirkinis@northwestern.edu
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Abstract

Active matter exploits motion to induce changes in shape and conformation via external input. In this paper, we establish theoretically that viscous liquid droplets containing magnetic nanoparticles with frozen-in magnetic moments, sitting on a solid substrate and surrounded by an ambient gas phase, can deform and migrate under the influence of a magnetic torque. The effect arises because the collective rotation of the magnetic nanoparticles at the liquid–gas interface tilts the droplet away from a symmetric configuration, breaks the reflection symmetry with respect to the centre axis, and leads to a left–right asymmetry of the contact angles. A sufficiently strong magnetic torque leads the contact angles to overcome hysteresis effects leading the droplet to migrate. We develop a general framework to explain how symmetry-breaking affects droplet migration. Thus previous results of droplet spreading and migration can be recovered as special cases. Such droplets can be employed as agents in active surfaces and can move against gravity, chemical and thermal gradients, providing a mechanism that could be utilized by both industry and medicine.

JFM classification

Interfacial Flows (free surface): Thin films Low-Reynolds-number flows: Lubrication theory
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 955 , 25 January 2023 , A10
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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