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Instability and low-frequency unsteadiness in a shock-induced laminar separation bubble

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2016

Andrea Sansica ,
Neil D. Sandham  and
Zhiwei Hu
Andrea Sansica*
Affiliation:
Aerodynamics and Flight Mechanics Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
Neil D. Sandham
Affiliation:
Aerodynamics and Flight Mechanics Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
Zhiwei Hu
Affiliation:
Aerodynamics and Flight Mechanics Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
*
†Email address for correspondence: as4v11@soton.ac.uk
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Abstract

Three-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a shock-induced laminar separation bubble are carried out to investigate the flow instability and origin of any low-frequency unsteadiness. A laminar boundary layer interacting with an oblique shock wave at $M=1.5$ is forced at the inlet with a pair of monochromatic oblique unstable modes, selected according to local linear stability theory (LST) performed within the separation bubble. Linear stability analysis is applied to cases with marginal and large separation, and compared to DNS. While the parabolized stability equations approach accurately reproduces the growth of unstable modes, LST performs less well for strong interactions. When the modes predicted by LST are used to force the separated boundary layer, transition to deterministic turbulence occurs near the reattachment point via an oblique-mode breakdown. Despite the clean upstream condition, broadband low-frequency unsteadiness is found near the separation point with a peak at a Strouhal number of $0.04$, based on the separation bubble length. The appearance of the low-frequency unsteadiness is found to be due to the breakdown of the deterministic turbulence, filling up the spectrum and leading to broadband disturbances that travel upstream in the subsonic region of the boundary layer, with a strong response near the separation point. The existence of the unsteadiness is supported by sensitivity studies on grid resolution and domain size that also identify the region of deterministic breakdown as the source of white noise disturbances. The present contribution confirms the presence of low-frequency response for laminar flows, similarly to that found in fully turbulent interactions.

JFM classification

Boundary Layers: Boundary layer separation Compressible Flows: Compressible boundary layers Compressible Flows: Shock waves
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 798 , 10 July 2016 , pp. 5 - 26
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Copyright
© 2016 Cambridge University Press 

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